ANTH1102Lecture 14I. BipedalismA. HistoryB. How Do We Know They Were BipedalC. Hominin SpeciesD. Why bipedal?Outline of Current LectureI. Origins of Modern HumansA. Beginning of HomoB. Migration TheoriesC. NeanderthalsCurrent LectureBeginning of Homo- Homo habilis vs. KMN-ER 1470> difference in cranial capacity may be sexual dimorphism or indicate different species> Homo habilis may be the first tool maker (bigger brain=smarter?)- Homo erectus> upright posture (bipedal), evolving tools usage: fire, cooking?> different life history pattern than other homininsMigration Theories- Recent Out-of-Africa: Archaic Homo sapiens evolve 200KA-60KA and replace other Homo species that left in an earlier wave.- Multi-Regional Hypothesis: After Homo erectus left Africa and dispersed everywhere in the Old World, regional populations slowly evolved into modern humans.Neanderthals- The first Neanderthal man was found in Neander Valley, Germany.- Should there be lumping (grouping together) or splitting (species division) between Neanderthals and Homo sapiens?- likely evolved from archaic Homo sapiens- Boule (scientist) said: Neanderthals are too dumb to be our ancestors.- Scientists now: Neanderthals must have been highly intelligent.- cold adaptations: big nose, trunk thickness, limb
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