ANTH1102 1st EditionLecture 7Outline of Last Lecture I. Linguistics (continued) A. Historical Linguistics II. GenderA. Forms of IdentityB. Sex and GenderC. Cultural DifferencesD. Gender Identity and AgeE. Gender Segregation: Private-Public DichotomyF. Conditions for Gender Stratification…G. Spread of Women’s and Human RightsH. Industrial SocietiesI. Feminization of PovertyJ. How Many Genders?Outline of Current Lecture I. Intersex IndividualsA. Chromosomal DistinctionsB. SyndromesC. Cultural Examples II. Sexual OrientationCurrent LectureINTERSEX INDIVIDUALSChromosomal Distinctions- XX: female chromosomes and internal reproductive system, but external genitalappearance is male- XY: male chromosomes, but external genitals are incompletely formed, ambiguous, or female- True Gonadal: has both ovarian and testicular tissue; may have chromosomes XX, XY, or both- XXY: has extra X or Y chromosome; no discrepancy between internal and external genitalia, but may have problems with sex hormone levels, overall sexual development, and number of sex chromosomesSyndromes- XXY: Klinefelter’s- XXX: Triple X, no physical difference with other females- XYY: no physical difference with other males- Turner’s Syndrome: several syndromes; OX (absence of one sex chromosome) is most commonCultural Examples- Zuni “Two Spirit”: biological males that take on female gender roles- Hijras (India): biological males that take on female gender roles- Sworn Virgins (Albania): biological women chosen as young girls to become men to fulfill male roles (for lack of males); celibate for lifeSexual Orientation- person’s habitual sexual attraction to and sexual activities with other people- heterosexual= attracted to opposite sex homosexual= attracted to same sex bisexual= attracted to both sexes asexual= attracted to neither sex- ritualized homosexuality prescribed at particular life stages> Azande, Sudan and Etoro, Papa New
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