ANTH1102 1st Edition Lecture 3 I II III IV Outline of Last Lecture Ethnographic Techniques Ethical Practice Body Ritual of the Nacirema Culture A Culture and Environment B Evolutionary Basis C Universal vs Particular Outline of Current Lecture I Culture continued A Agency and Practice B Perspective C Mechanisms of Cultural Change D Globalization II Language A Linguistic Anthropology B Non human and Primate Communication Current Lecture CULTURE cont Agency and practice agency actions individuals take alone and in groups in forming and transforming cultural identities individual ability to decide what happens to you ideal vs real culture individual vs public practice theory recognizes individuals diversity so culture plays out differently gender status religion ethnicity etc levels of cultural practice international national and subgroups Perspective ethnocentrism unbiased view of any culture cultural relativism doesn t use outside standards to judge a culture recognize human rights Mechanisms of Cultural Change diffusion acculturation to acquire ideas from different culture independent invention Globalization Prominent example corporate spread of companies across the world e g McDonald s in different countries catering to each culture s specific likes demands like Vegetarian options and curry Is it problematic Generally no but some are opposed and wish to preserve their culture LANGUAGE primary means of communication allows us to conjure elaborate images discuss past present future share experiences and benefit from others experiences written language has been around about 6 000 years but oral origin is unknown likely first Linguistic Anthropology studies comparison variation and change in language sociolinguistics looks at multilingualism dialects linguistic styles social differences socio political change looks at colonization and expansion of world economy Non human Primate Communication call systems vocal systems of nonhuman primates limited number of sounds cannot be combined apes can learn true language American Sign Language Washoe 1962 2007 acquired 100 signs and could combine as many as 5 e g you me go out hurry Koko 1971 present employs 400 ASL signs regularly and has tried 700 1 000 at least once tested IQ between 70 and 95 on a human scale 100 is normal
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