ANTH1102 1st Edition Lecture 12 Outline of Last Lecture I Evolution continued II Human Variation and Adaptation A Human Biological Diversity i Skin Color ii Blood Type and Disease iii Adaptation B Allen and Bergman s Rules C High Altitude Biological vs Cultural Adaptation Outline of Current Lecture I Allen and Bergman s Rules continued adaptation II Why Anthropologists Study Non Human Primates A Reasons B Origins of the Human Species C Tendencies of Primates Current Lecture Allen and Bergman s Rules about adaptation continued Humans can adapt to changing conditions by modifying biological responses e g Quechua and Sherpa and learned behavior cultural adaptations genetic markers phenotype 94 of genetic diversity occurs within a group 4 across races ethnicities Changes in environment lead to phenotype variation within a population without genetic change e g Boaz study of skull forms in European immigrant children diet induced changes 1940 1966 Genetic mutations provide genetic material from which environmentally advantageous phenotypes arise irrespective of need Natural selection can select for phenotypic traits for reproductive success Gene flow and genetic drift shift geological patterns by redistributing alleles across populations changes in allele frequencies Why Anthropologists Study Non Human Primates to learn about human macroevolution and speciation phylogenetic interference phylogeny genetic relatedness based on common ancestry phylogenetics study of evolutionary relationships by molecular sequencing data and morphological data matrices clade a group consisting of an ancestor and its descendents to understand fossil primates to further primate conservation human resource decisions have a direct effect Origins of the Human Species Our Place Among Primates define adaptations and speciation by using homologies traits inherited from a common ancestor NOT analogies adaptive traits due to convergent evolution Tendencies grasping hands sometimes feet nails instead of claws opposable thumbs bipedal smell to sight brain changes stereoscopic vision depth color vision nose to hand tactile organs sensitive pads of finger print region
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