ANTH1102 Lecture 5 Outline of Last Lecture I Language continued A Findings Primate Communication B Nonverbal Communication C Nature vs Nurture D Chomsky s Universal Grammar E Sapir Whorf Hypothesis F Cognitive Anthropology G Color Perception Outline of Current Lecture I Sociolinguistics A Linguistic Diversity B Gender Speech Contrasts C Status Position D Prestige vs Stigma E Black English Vernacular Current Lecture SOCIOLINGUISTICS study relationships between social and linguistic variation or language in social context language use language and social stratification class ethnicity gender language and power gaining expressing reinforcing resisting power premise Linguistic features correlate with social economical and political differences historical aspect can change throughout time Linguistic Diversity style shifting code shifting varying one s speech in different social contexts to accommodate person s being spoken to disglossia when language has both high and low dialects e g German Flemish written is high formal speaking is low informal Gender Speech Contrasts W relational communicators higher ability to generate relational word list M vie for a position in social hierarchy W multi taskers W both sides of brain M left side of brain to speak W can listen and comprehend at the same time M directed single focus communicators M public speakers W private mediators public vs private domains ease and confidence men are more confident speaking in public than women are online M longer confrontational messages W shorter more sensitive messages Status Position honorifics terms of respect used to honor people e g Mr Mrs Dr Reverend President Sir Ma am stratification classification of people into groups based on shared socioeconomic conditions stereotypes Southern New York City Boston California valley girl surfer dude and Canadian accents Prestige vs Stigma SE Standard English prestige dialect closest to this is the Ohio accent proper language prestigious resource in linguistic market Pierre Bourdieu s symbolic capital social and economic capital how you speak affects how you fare in society legitimation of formal institution school church media symbolic domination American education system s denial of linguistic diversity teaching everyone standard proper English Black English Vernacular BEV William Lebov vernacular ordinary casual speech BEV relatively uniform dialect complex linguistic system with rules e g copula deletion dropping verb to be You tired instead of You are tired phonology and syntax similar to Southern dialect
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