ANTH1102 1st Edition Lecture 4 Outline of Last Lecture I Culture continued A Agency and Practice B Perspective C Mechanisms of Cultural Change D Globalization II Language A Linguistic Anthropology B Non human and Primate Communication Outline of Current Lecture I Language continued A Findings Primate Communication B Nonverbal Communication C Nature vs Nurture D Chomsky s Universal Grammar E Sapir Whorf Hypothesis F Cognitive Anthropology G Color Perception Current Lecture LANGUAGE cont Findings from Studying Primate Communication cultural transmission through learning from basic to language productivity creating new expressions primates have no grammar syntax mutated gene FOXP2 is the capacity for speech the speech friendly form of FOXP2 in humans was present about 150 000 years ago language advantage for Homo Sapiens humans adaptation they can speak of things never experienced they can anticipate responses before encountering stimuli Nonverbal Communication kinesics study of communication through body movements stances gestures and facial expressions other strategic pause altering pitch voice level grammatical forms writtentexting and online messaging abbreviations and emoticons the same gestures may mean different things in different parts of the world descriptive linguistics scientific study of spoken language interrelated areas of analysis phonology morphology study of morphemes e g cat 2 morphemes cat s lexicon dictionary of all morphemes and meanings syntax arrangement and order of words in phrases sentences Nature vs Nurture environmental hypothesis humans have generalized intelligence innate intelligence hypothesis humans have specialized intelligence genetic determination Chomsky s Universal Grammar Naom Chomsky 1955 Believed humans ability to learn language stemmed from innate knowledge of certain structures of language Common Structural Basis learning foreign language translating words ideas pidgins creoles Sapir Whorf Hypothesis different languages produce different ways of thinking focal vocabulary Eskimos have multiple words for types of snow because they have more extreme climates weather Nuer of South Sudan have much cattle vocab and skiers and Texas ranchers have words to accommodate relate to their lifestyles Cognitive Anthropology the study of relationships between language culture and thought semantics a language s meaning system ethnosemantics study of lexical vocabulary categories and contrasts e g color terminology kinship terms ethnomedicine ethnobotany ethno astronomy nonWestern people Color Perception Boas Sapir and Whorf colors are learned cultural categories Berlin and Kay 1969 tested 21 languages and found different cultures have different focal vocabulary for color
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