ANTH 1102 1st Edition Lecture 2 Outline of Last Lecture I. Definition of AnthropologyA. Holistic scienceB. Four questions of Anthropology C. Four fields of AnthropologyD. Origins of fieldII. Socio-CulturalA. EthnographyB. EthnologyIII. ArchaeologicalA. ArtifactsB. DatingC. MolecularD. Bone/SkeletalIV. Biological/PhysicalA. Human GeneticsB. PrimatologyV. LinguisticsA. HistoricalB. SociolinguisticsOutline of Current Lecture I. Ethnographic TechniquesII. Ethical PracticeIII. Body Ritual of the NaciremaIV. CultureA. Culture and EnvironmentB. Evolutionary BasisC. Universal vs. ParticularCurrent LectureEthnographic Techniques: discover local beliefs/perception- problem-oriented research, longitudinal research, team researchEthical Practice- realizes consequences of research for participants- ensures informed consent (no forced research)- Institutional Review Board: panel reviews research to approve it for participants’ safety- American Anthropology Association Code of Ethics: ensures participants are protected; e.g. Stanford County prison research- tested the relationship between prison guards and prisoners; negative treatment of prisoners led to break down emotionally and revolt against guards, thus experiment got out of controlBody Ritual of the Nacirema (read article)- Emic vs. Etic Research; local’s explanation and categories vs. ethnographers’ explanations and categories- A local/participant of a certain culture’s perspective is different from an outsider’s (researcher’s)CULTURE- knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom- learned, symbolic, shared, integrated, adaptive, maladaptive, all-encompassingCulture and Environment- how we view and adapt to our environment changes over time; we use it in different, maybe less preservation-conscious ways than we have in the pastEvolutionary Basis- chimps and tools; hominids (monkeys and apes)/hominins (non-apes that led to humans):- chimps and humans learn by experience- chimps and humans use tools- humans have different mating behavior (all-year round), marriage (exclusivity), and cooperation levels amongst each otherUniversal vs. Particular- symbolic thoughtstop sign is universalEastern culture vs. Western culture: waiting ; first come, first serve vs. lining
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