Review Questions on Chapters 1 4 5 7 9 15 Chapter 1 Review Questions 1 What is the criticism of globalization There is a decline in power of national governments Polarization of the world in favor of stronger economies It has a negative impact in local communities Imitation of western culture Environmental degradation which means the global economy demands more resources losing tropical rain forests mining for gold the amazon is being contaminated because of mining 2 What does the author mean by Westernization To many people this is about economy becoming Americanized meaning means to follow one model primarily the United States The author of the book believes that westernization also referred to as modernization is a process of Americanizing the economy it is a dynamic process that spreads the social structure of modernity such as capitalism rationalism and industrialism around the world destroying preexisting cultures and local self identity 3 Which industry involves the greatest flow of goods Tourism is one of the world s largest multinational economic activities it involves the greatest flow of goods services and people in the world 4 What is the influence of globalization on tourism Formation of International alliances in the airline industry Hotel cooperation Franchising Tour operators forms partnerships 5 What is the difference between mass tourism and present day tourism In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries scientific and technological advances led to mass production and the development of mass markets with similar attitudes and tastes In mass tourism the consumer demanded mass produced services and goods at a low price This led the producers to mass produce products and services that had universal appeal such as fairly standardized mass market package holidays These good value products had a quality that was sacrificed This process has often been described as McDonaldization Present day tourism consists of new consumers that have become more globally oriented Such a shift in consumption preferences such as demanding authentic and genuine experiences and goods has begun to produced new tourists that demand new products variety flexibility and personalization stressing the importance of family and ecology 6 Today tourism is more describe it The new consumer has created a demand for new products that developed new types of tourism Tourism today is often called responsible soft alternative green or sustainable tourism These new types of tourism hold a great potential for future tourism market and cultural tourism health wellness and spa nature based educational wildlife virtual volunteer experiential space ethical or moral community geo genealogical gastronomic and para tourism These new types of tourism require tourism product customization which began to play role in industry and tourism marketing This industry tries to cater to individual tourists needs and is transforming itself from mass market to becoming diversified and focused on individual tourists needs 7 What is cultural commoditization Culture transformed into a new form in order to sell IT in parts cultural artifacts for example art generating income from this this becomes a symbol that gets out into the world so others can relate to it Traditional culture is being packaged and treated as a commodity for sale Local culture is commercially exploited and the rights of locals own their heritage is lost 8 In the chapter how is globalization defined What is the definition of globalization Globalization is described by the movements of services and flows of information and capital Today societies are services oriented and embrace new elements of globalization such as information technology and experiences It is more than internationalization and universalization Today globalization is about an intensification of worldwide economic socio cultural political and environmental relations These relations link distant places in such a way that local events are determined by international events or in other words what is happening locally is determined by what is happening globally 9 What are the benefits of globalization Increased spread of production Technological improvements Diffusion of ideas technology is a good example Growth and expansion Rise of global trends Increased economic activity Job creation Increased understanding of the world 10 Describe the new tourism consumer He or she is dependent on something The new tourism consumer is more dependent on information technology self service and personal reservation tools The new self sufficient consumer has become more individualistic and requires more customized and highly developed products greater choice quality and variety and good value for money 11 Homogenization know what that means Cultures begin to blend imitating one another so called melting pot causes similar products to be consumed throughout the world 12 Define hybridization The incorporation of cultural elements from a variety of sources within particular cultural practices It allows the combination of two identities for example Tex Mex restaurant 13 Define glocalization Blend of globalization and localization the relationship between the global and the local for example in India McDonalds is vegetarian Chapter 4 Review Questions 1 What is cultural rejection or denial Cultural rejection or denial means to refuse to accept acknowledge or believe others cultural values and viewpoints 2 Review how cultural changes occur Cultural change occurs as a result of o Evolutionary changes within a society o The way people live o Contact between societies 3 What is cultural hostility Cultural hostility is a form of cultural rejection or denial often associated with anger and aggression refuse to accept other s view of the world 4 What is hybridization The incorporation of cultural elements from a variety of sources within particular cultural practices 5 What is acculturation Occurs when individuals from different cultures come into contact Individuals may maintain their culture of origin while gaining characteristics of others so many of Puerto Ricans speak both English and Spanish 6 What is heterogenization Cultural heterogenization means that things remain different It has an increasing emphasis on local cultural elements which include language education religion tradition and art 7 What is cultural arrogance When host populations stage cultural experiences to compensate tourists for the lack of real
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