AUSTRAILIA NEW ZEALAND AND OCEANIA The way these notes work is that the regular type is notes he gave in class The notes that are italicized are notes I read in the book that I felt might be on the test Since there is only one chapter for this test it seems likely that he will be pulling more information from the book for this test Bolded things are things emphasized in class or in the review in class Good luck Antipodes means the lands in the Pacific AUSTRALIA Totally surrounded by water Interior very dry South Australia and Tanzania is very cold and has a lot of snow North Australia is very tropic and has crocodiles Murray River in the south is like our Mississippi New Zealand had no people until about 800 years ago Melbourne and Sydney wanted to be the capital so neither got to be the capital and the capital To go diving you have to fly into Canberra then go to Cairns Brisbane is like our Daytona Beach 50 000 years ago was first settled by the Aborigines is Canberra Broome used to have 80 of the world s pearls Highest population density is around Sydney Has 6 states and 2 territories ENVIROMENT AND PEOPLE The land is the smallest flattest and least populated of the major continents The interior is mostly desert which is called the Outback World s largest coral reef over 1200 miles Dry lakes called playas and only fill after heavy rains Ayers Rock aboriginal name is Uluru it s the world s largest single rock South of the Equator so the seasons are opposite from ours The reef separates the continent and acts as a barrier 90 of the country is flat and dry consisting of plains and plateaus with few lakes and rivers o Jan Feb is the hottest months o June Aug is the rainy season Mount Kosciuszko in the Snowy Mountains is the range s highest peak North Island is the smaller but more populated island of the two Climate o Australia New Zealand and much of Oceania is south of the equator thus the seasons are opposite of North America o Australia mainly in temperate zone January and February generally the hottest months o New Zealand except for far North is in temperate zone July is the coldest month and Jan and Feb are the warmest o Most of Pacific Islands are tropical and atolls in peril of typhoons PEOPLE AND HISTORY First inhabitants Aborigines came from Asia over land bridge about 50 000 years ago Spanish and Portuguese sailors explored the area in the 1500 s looking for the land known as Terra Australis Incognito the Unknown Southern Land In the 1700 s Captain James Cook claimed he land for Great Britain because they needed a new place to ship convicts you have to drive on the left side of the road since it was colonized by England Established a penal colony called New South Wales which had both male and female convicts First ship named First Fleet which discovered the beautiful Sydney Harbor Aborigines were treated badly o About 750 000 lived in Australia when British arrived today they are less than 1 of the population homelands o Many considered Aborigines to be primitive so they were pushed out of their Soldiers came with the convicts Settled somewhere near Sydney Between 1942 and 1972 more than 2 million immigrants came to Australia mostly Italians Greeks Croatians Macedonians and Turks Capital Canberra Australia became independent in 1901 Sydney is the country s largest city There are much more Asian immigrants since 1970 s 80 of population lives in state capital NEW SOUTH WALES Gateway to Australia Located in southeastern Australia Sydney o Capital of New South Wales which was developed from penal colony o country s largest city o has the Sydney Opera house very famous structure o Kings Cross is much like London s SoHo with nightclubs and restaurants The harbor dominates the landscape o Has great beaches Outback is the center of the country o Mostly desert o Lightning Ridge Mining town that produces the precious black opal AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY In 1900 s the country needed a new capital Compromise was reached between Sydney and Melbourne Midway between 2 cities is Canberra which became the capital Canberra in aborigine means the meeting place VICTORIA Smallest state on southeast coast Melbourne capital sports minded city with football soccer cricket and horse racing o Sporting events are so important that there is a legal holiday on the 1st Tuesday in November for the Melbourne Cup a horse race Phillip Island Nature Park o Place to see penguins Northeast of Melbourne are the Australian Alps Has many ski villages Between July and September TASMANIA It s an island state 30 is protected in the World Heritage National Park It s wet and lush There are remains of the last convicts prison Hobart is the capital It s the key destination to travel to see SOUTH AUSTRALIA Self reliant state wine wildlife and desert everything you need is here The official animal is the hairy nosed wombat Capital Adelaide German immigrants established the oldest vineyards in Australia Kangaroo Island is to the South Flinders Chase National Park o kangaroos koalas and emus are all in their natural habitat here World s largest collection of Aboriginal art Murray River Australia s equivalent to our Mississippi but carries only small fraction of water Coober Pedy opal capital of Australia aboriginal for white fella down a hole WESTERN AUSTRALIA Bigger than Texas and Alaska combined Mostly Mediterranean climate Unspoiled beaches extend along the coast of Perth Perth capital Broome Fremantle is the Indian Ocean s port Big diamond industry as well NORTH TERRITORY o at one time supplied 80 of the world s mother of pearl used to make buttons o Has unspoiled beaches Darwin capital Home to Kakadu National Park which is home of the aboriginal tribes as well as crocodiles Tropical environment with a mixture of aboriginal Asian and European cultures buffalo birch and etc Alice Springs is the only major town between Darwin and Adelaide o Est late in the 19th century Uluru aka Ayers rock is located here it s the world s largest monolith o Sacred to the aborigines climbing to the summit is discouraged by them QUEENSLAND Brisbane capital 3rd largest city in Australia Many luxury resorts with beautiful beaches mining towers modern cities rainforests desert and the Great Barrier Reef Gold Coast resorts is where many of the casinos is located Cairns is the gateway to the Barrier Reef NEW ZEALAND Midway between the equator and the South Pole Part of Polynesia geographically The standard of living is among the world s
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