HFT2716 Exam II Notes Study Guide 1 Central America a Belize i Called British Honduras until 1973 ii 2nd largest Barrier Reef iii 2 3 is national park iv Gained independence in 1981 v English speaking vi Belmopan is the capital b Costa Rica c Panama i Ecotourism ii 25 is protected iii Puntarenas is the Pacific port iv San Jose is the capital and largest city 1 Belize City was the original capital until a hurricane i Many rivers and 1600 islands ii 940 bird species iii Ecotourism iv Cuna Indians v During colonial times the Spaniards built a road across Panama to carry gold from Peru vi Once belonged to Gran Colombia vii Canal goes from NW SE 1 Colombian govt gave French diplomat Ferdinand de Lesseps the contract to build 2 Diseases defeated the French 3 US President Theodore Roosevelt wanted to take over the contract but Colombia disagreed with his terms 4 US pushed Panama to revolt and become independent of Colombia in 5 Built in 1914 and took 10yrs French started but Americans finished 6 51mi canal 7 Christobal Colon is the entry city in Pacific 8 Darien Gap links Central and South America only break in Pan American 1903 AKA Big Ditch Highway 9 San Blas and Bocas del Toro are largest archipelagos in Panama d Honduras i Tegucigalpa is the capital and largest city ii Mostly mountainous iii Northeastern coast is known as the Mosquito Coast Miskito Indian tribe 1 Mostly uninhabited iv El Copan are some Mayan ruins near Guatemala border e Guatemala i Guatemala City is the capital and largest city ii Antigua is the colonial city center of weaving industry iii Lake Atitlan is the mile high lake 1 Deep blue caldera surrounded by 3 volcanoes and 12 Indian villages iv Tikal is a Mayan City f El Salvador i Smallest most densely populated country in Central America ii San Salvador is the capital iii No Caribbean coast i Managua is the capital and largest city ii Largest but most sparsely populated country in the region g Nicaragua 2 South America a Andean Lands i About 1200AD by Incan Empire in South Peru ii Cuzco was the capital iii Quechua was the language of the Inca iv Great Royal Highway was a Inca Road that went from Ecuador Colombian border present day Santiago Chile v Francisco Pizarro conquered Inca in 1532 b Ecuador i One of the smallest countries in South America ii Lies on Pacific coast and Equator iii Galapagos Islands Charles Darwin iv Quito is the capital known as the Florence of South America v Located in the Avenue of the Volcanoes c Peru i 3rd largest country in South America ii More Indians than any other South American countries iii Lima is the capital and the largest city known as the City of Kings iv Cuzco is the City of the Sun center of Inca Empire v Machu Picchu is the Lost City of the Incas found by American professor Hiram Bingham d Bolivia i Sucre is the legal capital ii La Paz is the actual capital and largest city iii worlds highest iv Potosi was once the largest city on the continent because it had the most famous silver mine at the time v Lake Titicaca is at the border of Peru and is the highest navigable lake e Chile i place where the land finishes ii Atacama Desert is in the North driest desert iii Center region is known for the wine iv Southern region is Tierra del Fuego v Punta Arenas is the world s southernmost city vi Santiago is the capital vii Vina del Mar is a very elegant resort destination viii Portillo is a popular skiing resort ix Easter Islands is 5hrs to the West and has huge stone monuments f Argentina i Exported meat and grain to Europe because economical geographic reasons ii Became very wealthy iii Beunos Aires is the capital and largest city iv Pampas is the fertile plain in the North v Patagonia is the cold desert region in the South g Uruguay h Brazil i Punta del Este resort ii Montevideo is the capital and largest city i Largest country in South America ii Portuguese language iii San Pablo is the city inland iv Rio de Janeiro is the city on the coast v Amazon river is the largest river in the world vi Amazonia is the Lungs of the world i Colombia i Bogota is the capital and largest city ii Cartagena is a North coast tourist city iii Only country shares a Caribbean and Pacific coast j Venezuela i OIL ii Caracas is the capital and largest city iii Chavez is their leader iv Angel Falls is the world s highest waterfall k Guyana l Suriname i South Americas only English speaking country ii Georgetown is the capital and is known for a massacre In 1667 Dutch exchanged New York for Suriname i ii Smallest country in South America m French Guiana i Provence of France ii Cayenne is the capital and largest city iii Devils Island iv French National Space Agency i Asuncion is the capital and largest city ii Landlocked country n Paraguay Other Notes o Tierra del Fuego 700mi from Antarctica o Colombia Ecuador Peru and Chile border the Pacific o Bolivia and Paraguay are landlocked o Venezuela Guyana Suriname and French Guiana are located to the North o Uruguay and Argentina are on the Atlantic o Falkland Islands located in South Atlantic o Andes are the longest mountain range o Aconcagua is the highest peak in Western Hemisphere o Immigration from Africa Europe and East India
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