• Chapter 1 questionso What’s been the criticism of globalization? Supraterritoriality, negative impact on local communities, delocalization and outsourcing, separation of work from home, and decline in social capital and civic communityo What’s been the influence of globalization on tourism? Development in electronic technology, communication, and transportationo What is the difference between mass tourism and present-day-tourism? Mass tourism dealt with mass produced goods at a low price, known as “McDonalization.” Now customers want a more authentic and customized experience. o Today tourism is more what? globalo What is cultural commodization? (like commodity) Done by creating inauthentic cultural artifacts, specifically designed for tourist consumption and adapting them to the needs of touristso List the benefits of globalization Increased trade, capital, human flows, and created thousands of jobso Describe the new tourism consumer More globally orientedo Know cultural hybrid dissation Implies the incorporations of cultural elements from a variety of sources within particular cultural practiceso What is glocalization? Blend of globalization and localization. Example would be a Moscow McDonalds• Chapter 4 Cultural Practiceso Erosion of local cultures Many societies experience erosion with the increase in international travelo Cultural commodization and transformation Traditional culture is being packaged and treated as a commodity for sale. Local culture is commercially exploited and the rights of locals to won their heritage is lost. o Cultural hostility A form of cultural rejection or denial often associated with anger and aggression They refuse to accept other’s view of the worldo Cultural arrogance Host populations stage cultural experiences to compensate tourists for the lack of real experience Backstage areas is where locals continue with their traditionso Authenticity of tourism experiences Pseudo-artifacts that are produced and commoditized Inauthentic products are created Tourists are often willing to perceive the products as being authentico Renaissance of traditional art forms Rejuvenation of arts and crafts Revival of original traditionso Marketing of culture and violation of rights to own cultural heritage Traditional culture is treated as a commodity Locals lose their rights Culture is turned into a paid performance. o Culture change Occurs as a result of:• Evolutionary changes within society• The way people live• Contact between societies o Cultural diffusion The spread of cultural elements such as:• Ideas• Styles• Food• Religion• Technologies o Cultural borrowing Occurs when 2 cultures come into contact and borrow each other’s traditions, customs and valueso Cultural drift A temporary and random cultural change• Language Behavior may change temporarily for the duration of the tourists visit or brought about through education and technologyo Acculturation Occurs when individuals from different cultures come into contact Individuals may maintain their culture of origin while gaining characteristics of others o Cultural adaption Adaptation of elements of other cultures To meet the tourist need locals change their behavior and attitude.o Cultural adjustment 4 different stages tourists go through:• Honeymoon stage: everything is wonderful when first get there• Hostility stage: Find things wrong and question local culture (why do they drive on that side of the road? Why is everything small?)• Integration: Now you’ve taken the hostile stage and adapted to those problems. Not so bad anymore• Home stage: you’re leaving soon, wish stay longer. But happy to be homeo Cultural assimilation Replacement of one set of cultural traits by anothero Enculturation The learning of what is contained in a culture Learning the accepted norms and values and also the language (break down differences of how English is spoken in Boston and Mississippi ex)o Demonstration effect The effect on the behavior of individuals caused by the observation of the action of others Local residents adopt the styles and manners of touristso Cultural conflict Created by cultural contacts Conflicts arise because people are from different cultureso Shit to know**** What is cultural rejection/denial?• Cultural hostility, refuse to accept others views of the world What is cultural diffusion?• The spread of cultural elements such as:o Ideaso Styleso Foodo Religiono Technologies What is cultural hostility?• Type of cultural rejection and denial in which you refuse to accept others views of the world What is acculturation? Enculturation?• Acc: Individuals may maintain their culture of origin while gaining characteristics of others • Enc: The learning of what is contained in a culture• Learning the accepted norms and values and also the language (break down differences of how English is spoken in Boston and Mississippi ex) What are the stages a visitor/tourist goes through when visiting another country?• Honeymoon stage: everything is wonderful when first get there• Hostility stage: Find things wrong and question local culture (why do they drive on that side of the road? Why is everything small?)• Integration: Now you’ve taken the hostile stage and adapted to those problems. Not so bad anymore• Home stage: you’re leaving soon, wish stay longer. But happy to be home What is cultural erosion?• Many societies experience erosion with the increase in international travel What is cultural arrogance?• Host populations stage cultural experiences to compensate tourists for the lack of real experience What is cultural adaptation?• Adaptation of elements of other cultures• To meet the tourist need locals change their behavior and attitude. What are the pros and cons of selling historical artifacts?• Traditional culture is treated as a commodity• Locals lose their rights• Culture is turned into a paid performance. • Chapter 5 Culture and Cultural Differenceso Definition of culture Many definitions from anthropologist and archaeologists. Include:• Human environment• Way of life• Behavior • Rules of social life• Food and eating habits• Dress and appearanceo Culture as civilization Some countries are considered to be more civilized and cultured Cultured is used to
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