The Pacific Study GuideAustralia• The Lando The smallest, flattest and least populated of major continentso Interior mostly desert – Outbacko Ayers Rock – world’s largest single rock (Also known as Uluru)o World’s longest coral reef• The Climateo South of the equatoro Seasons are oppositeo January and February are the hottest monthso Rainy season – June - August• The first inhabitants came from Asia over land bridges 50,000 years ago – Aborigines• Spanish and Portuguese sailors explored the area in the 1500’s• In the 1700’s, Captain James Cook claimed the land for Great Britain• In the 1700’s, the British needed a new place to ship convicts too Established a penal colony in New South Wales – male and female convicts• The Aborigines were treated badly• About 75,000 lived in Australia when the British arrived – today less than one percent of the population• Between 1942 and 1972, more than 2 million immigrants came to Australia o Mostly Italians, Greeks, Croatians, Macedonians and Turks• Australia is almost the size of the U.S.• It is divided into 6 states and 2 territories• Sydney is a key international city – countries largest city• Canberra is the capital• New South Waleso The gateway to Australiao Sydney, the capital of New South Wales, developed from a penal colonyo The harbor dominates the landscape – great beacheso Outback is the center of the country – mostly desert• Australian Capital Territory (ACT)o In the 1900’s the country needed a new capitalo Compromise was reached between Sydney and Melbourne.o Midway between the two cities, Canberra became the capitalo In the aborigine language, it means the meeting place• Victoriao Australia’s smallest state on the southeast coasto The capital is Melbourne. Sports minded city-Football (soccer), cricket, and horse racingo Phillips Island is to the south – place to visit to see penguinso Northeast of Melbourne are the Australian Alps – many ski villages• Tasmaniao The island stateo 30% protected – world heritage national parko Wet and lusho Remains of the last convict’s prison• South Australiao Self-reliant state. Everything you need is found here – wine, wildlife and deserto German immigrants established oldest vineyards in Australiao Kangaroo island is to the south – kangaroos, koalas, and emus in their natural habitat (wombat is the official animal)• Western Australiao It is an area bigger than Texas and Alaska combinedo Mostly a Mediterranean climateo Perth is the capitalo Unspoiled beaches extend along the coast north of Perth• Wine producing region in the south• Very dry in the outback• Most of the population is on the east coast• Mining on the west coast• Great Barrier Reef is 1200 miles long• Darwin – key travel destination• Population = 22 million people• Drive on the left side of the road in Australia• Ayers rock – key destination – center of continent• Canberra is a territory (capital)• Danish architect built and designed Sydney opera• All cities are very modern and beautifulAustralia Review Questions • Where do you visit the reef from?o Cairns• What is the interior of the continent called?o The Outback• Know the history of Sydney• Who declared it as a colony of Great Britain?o James Cook• What did Cook name Australia?o New South Wales• Who were the original inhabitants?o The aborigines• What % of the population is made up of aborigines?o Today less than 1%• Most of the population is located where?o East coast• How many states and territories?o 6 states and 2 territories Northern Territory and Canberra • Which country used Australia as a dumping site for prisoners?o Great Britain• What is unique about the seasons?o Opposite of our seasons• Australia is as big as which country?o The U.S.• West Australia is as big as?o Larger than Texas and Alaska combined• Where is the gold coast?o Queensland, east coast• Where is Ayers rock?o Center of Australia (Uluru)• MAP QUESTIONS WILL PRIMARILY BE ON AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND!!!New Zealand• North Islando Known for its sandy beaches, active volcanoes, geysers, Maori culture, and grape growing areaso Auckland is the largest city. Most visitors to New Zealand arrive in Auckland “The City of Sails”o Maori art and skilled boat builders – huge war canoeso Northland – enjoys a warm climate. Beautiful bay with many islands offering fishing, gold and boat cruises.o Rotorua – Thermal wonderland with many geysers and hotsprings. It is a small spa town. It is also the center of Maori culture – arts and craftso Waitomo Caves – Central northern end of North Island. Millions of glowing insects hang from the ceiling of the caves. Visitors can tube-raft.o Wellington – the capital. At the southern end of the North Island. The city has a mixture of modern buildings and Victorian architecture. Ferries connect Wellington on North Island with South Island – trip takes about 3 hours• South Islando Some of the world’s most unspoiled scenery may be found on the islando Snowcapped peaks of the southern Alpso Christchurch – the largest city. It is New Zealand’s 3rd largest. It is considered by many to be the most English city outside of Englando Mount Cook National Park – The Tasman Glacier is one of the longest outside the Himalaya. Spectacular ski plane flight o Queenstown – Called the adventure capital of New Zealand. It is South Island’s most popular resort. Commercial bungee jumping began here in 1988.o Fiordland – Where mountains meet the sea and flooded valleys. This created many fiords. The country’s National Park is located here.New Zealand Review Questions• Where is the main international airport located?o Auckland• What is the capital of New Zealand?o Wellington• Who are the Maoris? (There will be several questions about them)o Native people of New Zealand• Most English city outside of England?o Christchurch• What city is known as the adventure capital of New Zealand?o Queenstown• What is the standard of living like here?o High• What city is known as The City of Sails?o Auckland• Commercial bungee jumping began where?o Queenstown in 1988• Where is Mount Cook National Park?o South Island• Why are the Maoris known as great navigators?o Skilled boat builders – huge war canoes• What is Rotorua?o Thermal wonderland with many geysers and hot springs. It is a small spa town• What is unique
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