International TravelStudy GuideExam 3Africa:- Second largest continent in the world - Known as the “birthplace of the human race”- The Sahara desert is the world’s largest and covers 25% of Africao The powerful kingdoms existed south of the Saharao The Blue Men of the Sahara were great navigators of the desert They carried salt across the desert- The Great Rift Valley runs from Syria to Mozambique- The Nile River is the world’s longest river- Kilimanjaro in Tanzania is the highest mountain- Lies in the Southern, Northern, Eastern, and Western hemispheres- There is limited resources (water, etc.)- Tourism is always hurting due to civil wars between tribes- Berlin Conference (1884)o The powers of Europe met, discussed, and established new country boundaries for Africao This caused problems because it did not take into account native cultures. Lead to families being split apart, tribes warring against one another, etc.- Timeline:o 1950’s: Period of independenceo 1960’s: Transition period- growing infrastructureo 1970’s: Africa was in a sort of limbo stateo 1990’s: Africa experienced total crisis- The Mediterranean Sea separates Africa from Europe- The Red Sea separates Africa from AsiaMorocco:- It is strategically located at the entrance of the Mediterranean Sea- Has played an important role in Muslim domination of Spain since 1805- It is larger than the state of California- Running from the Southwest to Northeast are the Atlas Mountains- Four Imperial Cities:o Rabat: Capital city French influence on their buildingso Marrakesh: Founded in 1602 Called the “Red City” due to the color of their buildingso Meknes: This city was built to rival with Paris after the construction of Versailleso Fez: This is the most ancient of the imperial cities It was founded in the 8th centuryEgypt:- Known as the “Gift of the Nile”- Nile flows north from Sudan- The “Lower Nile” refers to the area north of Cairo- The capital is Cairoo Outside city limits is Giza- Political unrest is hurting the tourism industry- Population is comprised of Turks, Arabs, Europeans- Gizao Site of the most famous Pyramid The Great Pyramid of Cheops World’s largest single buildingo The Sphinx is also here Does not have a nose because during Napoleon’s invasion, troops usedit as target practice for their rifles- Memphiso First capital of Cairo- Alexandriao Site of what was once a great library built by Alexander the Greato Second largest cityo It is now a beach resort- Luxoro Country’s most important destinationo Site of Thebeso Egypt’s imperial capitalo Home to the Temple of Luxoro The Valley of the Kings is across the river from LuxorThe Safari Lands:- Safari means journey- Kiswahili is the language- Two types of safario Land safari (minibuses)o Wing safari (airplanes)- Countries comprising “Safari Lands”:o Kenyao Tanzaniao Zambiao Botswanao Namibiao South AfricaKenya- Tourism has suffered since 2004 due to terrorists launching missiles at commercial aircrafts- The capital is Nairobio One of Africa’s largest cities- Many national parksTanzania- Considered the largest country in East Africa- The capital is Dodoma - Home to over 125 tribal groups- Mount Kilimanjaro Africa’s highest mountain- Ngorongoro volcano to the west of Kilimanjaro- Serengeti National Park- Selous Game Preserveo One of the biggest parks in the worldZambia- It is a land locked country- The capital is Lusaka- The top attraction here is Victoria Falls- Most of the country is covered by bushBotswana- It is a land locked country- The capital is Gaborone- Kalahari deserto Home to the Bushmen; one of the last hunter-gatherer societies- Chobe National Parko Home to the world’s highest elephant populationNamibia- The capital is Windhoek- It was a German colony previously which can be seen in existing architecture- Namib deserto Oldest and driest desert- Skeleton Coasto Named because of the heavy fog that caused numerous shipwrecks- Etosha National ParkSouth Africa- It is three times the size of Texas- Has three capitals:o Cape Town (Legislative Capital)o Pretoria (Administrative Capital)o Bloemfontein (Judicial Capital)- South Africa mines 28% of the world’s gold- Home to Kruger National Parko This is the most important travel destination in South AfricaMiddle East:Middle East- The middle east geographically refers to:o Israelo Syriao Lebanono Jordano Six countries of the Arabian Peninsulao Four countries in Asia- Politically, the middle east includes:o Moroccoo Algeriao Tunisiao Libyao Egypt- The biggest travel destinations are:o Turkeyo Israel- The middle east is located in the northern and eastern hemispheres- It borders both Mediterranean and Black Sea as well as the Gulf of Oman- Traces of life here can be seen as early as 25,000 BC- Timeline:o 1400 BC: Egyptian civilization rose from the Nileo 700 AD – 1100 AD: Islam became the next major power in the areao Post WWI: The League of Nations divided the Arab lands between France andGreat Britaino 1940’s: Arab states fought for their independence and Israel finally became a countryIsrael:- Established by the UN in 1948- Occupies a narrow stretch of land along the Mediterranean- Geography:o The south is mostly desert (Negev Desert)o The north has the Golan Heights and the Sea of Galileeo The Dead Sea is located in the center- Main Cities:o Tel Aviv It is a modern city that is considered the cultural capital It is the economic center of Israel Known for beach front hotels The main airport is located hereo Jerusalem Many ethnic groups reside here:- Jews- Arabs- Turks- Greeks- Romans The Temple Mount occupies 1/5 of the cityo Bethlehem The Church of Nativity is located here Most visits take place during Christmas timeo Galilee Nazareth is located House of the Virgin Maryo Dead Sea Asia’s lowest point People visit because of the salt formationso Masada The Cliff of Masada- Jews took their own lives here rather than being captured by the Romanso Eilat It was once a military base but is now an international beach resort- Holy Cities:o Jerusalemo Hebrono Safedo TiberiusTurkey:- Connects Europe and Asiao The Bosporus Straight separates them from one another- Also known as Asia Minor- For 1,000 years it was the center of the Byzantine Empire and later became the Ottoman Empire- Main Places:o Istanbul It is the largest city in Turkey The only city in the world that spans two
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