FSU HFT 2716 - Chapter 1 – Globalization, Tourism and Culture

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International Travel and Culture HFT2716 EXAM 6 Notes for Chapters 1 4 5 7 9 and 15 Chapter 1 Globalization Tourism and Culture THE CONCEPTS AND ROOTS OF GLOBALIZATION Five key definitions 1 internationalization 2 liberalization 3 universalization 4 westernization how it is made and projected to the rest of the world is important 5 deterritorialization reconfigure geography BENEFITS OF GLOBALIZATION increased spread of production more labor peope diffusion of ideas technological improvements more ideas Growth and expansion increased economic activity more jobs created global brands job creation rise of global brands increased undnerstanding of the world borders not what they used to be learning about different cultures CRITICISM OF GLOBALIZATION decline in the power of national government not in your boundaries anymore polarization of the world in favor of stronger economies negative impact in local communities regional imitation of western culture environmental degradation when multinational companies may be headquartered somewhere in the US they may not have the same concern for the environment because of regulation or values GLOBALIZATION AND THE TOURISM INDUSTRY tourism is one of the worlds largest multinational economic activities global economy is tourism transportation agriculture etc finance travel it involved the greatest flow of goods services people in the world THE INFLUENCE OF GLOBALIZATION ON TOURISM FORMATION AND EXAMPLES OF GLOBALIZATION IN TOURISM formation of international alliances in the airline industry consolidating industries cooperation and transportation opportunities expanding make easier to travel Before tourists demanded mass produced items and wanted to take their families to places they fought New Opportunities electronic technology communication transportation sophisticated web sites hotel cooperation franchising tour operators forms partnerships A NEW TYPE OF TOURIST Normandy italy Today tourists are 1960s started international tourism more globally oriented depend on information technology desire for safety terrorism people stop traveling to places that are unsafe etc balance between career and family want to incorporate and bring everyone when they travel abroad used to be mainly domestic travel responsible green sustainable protect environment not abuse it value community culture ecology education family safety and security GLOBALIZATION AND CULTURE THE EMERGENCE OF GLOBALIZED CONSUMER CULTURE high desire for material possessions high levels of consumption a symbol of good life demand for oil goes up bc of industries growing GLOBAL CONSUMER AND GLOBAL PRODUCTS consumers have become increasingly similar in their behavior want to do the same things in western cultures eat the same good wear the same brands watch the same TV programs DISAPPEARANCE OF LOCAL CULTURES it is argues that global consumption patterns and global customers to do exist In the smaller islands of the Caribbean changed drastically because they get so many tourists and they see how the tourists dress and what phones and cameras they use and what we listen to all influence these small cultures consumption patterns may be globalized if everyone were to adopt other ways of life CULTURE HOMOGENIZATION globalization leads to cultural homogenization Similar products consumed throughout the world mcdonaldization cocacolonization allow them to sell different products that pertain to the culture around them PRODUCT STANDARDIZATION OR CUSTOMIZATION consumer purchasing patterns becoming similar emergence of global customers US ultimate example of homogeneous country you can travel anywhere and u can most likely find it anywhere you go in terms of hotels food etc CULTURE HETEROGENIZATION Increasing emphasis on local culture elements language education religion tradition art Want to do new things but still want to retain their culture CULTURAL CONVERGENCE OR DIVERGENCE Two Theories because of globalization the planet is getting smaller and cultures are converging the flow of goods assets and knowledge are directed toward main centers of capital only a few are benefitting from it theincorporation of cultural elements from a variety of sources within particular cultural practices CULTURAL HYBRIDIZATION allows the combination of 2 identities CULTRAL COMMODITIZATION Culture transformed intoa new form in order to sell IT cultural artificats go to yucatan and buy mayan artificats symbols CULTURAL DETERIORIATION LOSS ADAPTATION OR CHANGE increasing contact between peoples communities change their local values and traditions authentic elements disappear larger culture to a smaller culture taking over IS CONSUMERISM A BAD THING FOR TOURISM does not necessarily have to destroy culture Creates high demand for cultural preservation GLOBALIZATION AND DISAPPEARANCE OF LOCAL IDENTITY Globalization can destroy socio cultural identity farms and fishing villages converted into tourism resorts RESISTANCE TO CULTURAL CHANGE AND EMERGENCE OF LOCAL IDENTITY local resistance to globalization is in progress in Europe European countries have not lost their identities creating a lot of programs GLOCALIZATION blend of globalization concept intl and localization natives trying to adapt to the tourist personalities and go back to their original ways of life just a few blocks away relationship between global and the local LOCAL INTERNATIONALIZATION AND REGIONAL COOPERATION may promote direct investment lower transportation costs and distribution costs north America free trade agreements economic alliance between Canada us and Mexico regional cooperation on the international level BENEFITS AND LIMITATIONS OF GLOBALIZATION IN TOURISM has increased trade capital generated growth created jobs and boosted development financially made better however it has polarized the world Developing countries have little influence CHALLENGES OF GLOBALZIATION IN TOURISM businesses operating in different countries must adapt to local environment when sent somewhere have to learn the different culture socially and professionally communication difficulties different cultures political economic and legal practice know the practices in that specific countries THE FUTURE OF GLOBALIZATION AMERICANIZATION OF CULTURE COSMOPOLITAN CULTURE CULTURAL HYBRIDIZATION CULTURAL DISAPPEARANCE OR CULTURE CLASH american consumerism has changed values and patterns of peoples the American film industry has generated an identity crisis among poor nations the


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FSU HFT 2716 - Chapter 1 – Globalization, Tourism and Culture

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