HFT NOTES 3rd TEST Countries that touch the Mediterranean Morocco Algeria Tunisia Libya and Egypt East Africa Kenya Tanzania Zambia Botswana Namibia South Africa Meaning of Sahara in Arabic is desert the Sahara is the largest desert in the world Africa is divided by the Equator Africa is in 4 hemispheres Separated from Europe by the Mediterranean Sea and Asia by the Red Sea The Atlantic Ocean is to the west and the Indian Ocean is to the east Middle East is in the North and East hemispheres The south borders the Indian Ocean Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman THE LAND AFRICA 2nd largest continent in the world Asia is the largest Divided into what s north of the Sahara and what is south of the Sahara History Culturally the countries to the north are akin to the Middle East o 1950 s independence o 1960 s decade of transition o 1970 s slowed development continent in limbo decreased oil prices cold war created separation o 1980 s decline o 1990 s spread of AIDS industrialization came to a halt in some areas The Nile is the world s largest river and it flows north The Sahara covers 25 of Africa Mount Kilimanjaro is Africa s largest mountain Found in Tanzania Made famous by the author Hemmingway Great Rift Valley begins in the Middle East in Syria and extends to Mozambique The People and Their History Africa is known as the Birth place of the human race People have lived in the Middle East as early as 25 000 BC The Egyptian Civilization began around the Nile It reached the height of its power about 1400 BC Islam was the next major force in the region from 700 AD to the 1100 s South of Sahara there were very powerful kingdoms o Bushman in South Africa o Berbers in north Africa o Mandinka was in west Africa o Tuareg s were nomadic in middle and western Sahara o Zulus were the largest in the province KwaZulu Natal o The Sahara had many cultures and languages Islam was the next major force in the region from 700 AD to the 1100 s South of the Sahara there were very powerful kingdoms Centuries of European colonial rule followed the late 1400 s 1884 Europe s most powerful countries met in Berlin to draw the boundaries of their colonies there was no consideration for the native cultures In the 20th century the countries within the region gained their independence After WWI the League of Nations divided the Arab lands between France and Britain During the 1940 s the Arab states fought for their independence and Israel became a country The African colonies became independent between 1950 and 1989 MOROCCO Greatest strategic location at the entrance of the Mediterranean From 1085 played important part in Muslim domination of Spain Larger than California in size The southern part lies in the western Sahara Atlas Mountains run southwest to northeast Politically unstable EGYPT Key cities Called the crossroads between the east and the west AKA Gift of the Nile The lower Nile lies north of Cairo South of Cairo is Upper Egypt The Nile flows the north from Sudan Cairo the capital o City has many tourist attractions and can provide an immersion in Egyptian culture o The Egyptian Museum is a popular attraction o It has a mixed popular of Arabs Turks Africans and Europeans o Now has heavy political unrest Giza suburb of Cairo located on the Nile o It s the site of the most famous pyramid The Great Pyramid of Cheops o The Great Pyramid is the world s largest single building o The sphinx is also located in Giza It is popular belief that Napoleon s army used the sphinx as target practice Memphis southwest of Cairo o Was the original capital Alexandria o the 2nd largest city o Principal port today it is a beach resort o Location of the 1st library from Alexander the Great Luxor o Country s most important destination o About 405 miles south of Cairo o Site of ancient Thebes the empire s capital o The Temple of Luxor is considered by many as the most important site in Egypt o Valley of the Kings is across the Nile from Luxor THE SAFARI LANDS Safari means a journey in Kiswahili the common language of east Africa There are 2 types of ways to see the Safari by land safari minibus or by wing safari plane The Safari Lands run along east Africa from Kenya to south Africa It includes Kenya Tanzania Zambia Botswana Namibia and South Africa Doesn t include Zimbabwe and Mozambique MOROCCO The gateway to Africa Tourists come to visit the 4 imperial cities o Rabat was a heavily influenced by the French and archeology it is the capital o Marrakesh founded in 1602 aka the Red City because it is made mostly of red brick the building are located to the south o Meknes was built to rival Paris after Louis XIV built Versailles o Fez most ancient city built in the 8th century KENYA Tourist industry has suffered great losses since 2004 when terrorist launched missile at a commercial aircraft Nairobi the capital one of Africa s largest cities Has many National Parks including Nairobi National Park within the city limits of the capital TANZANIA Considered largest county in east Africa Home to more than 125 tribal groups Principal attractions include o Mount Kilimanjaro Africa s largest mountain believed that global warming is the cause of the loss of snow of the years o Ngorongoro Crater volcano to the west of Kilimanjaro Because of its isolation it is seemingly similar to the Galapagos Islands in evolutionary activity o Serengeti National Park noted for its herds of zebras antelopes and lions it s a desert o Selous Game Preserve one of the biggest parks in the world it s about the size of Switzerland ZAMBIA Landlocked with no outlet to the sea in south central Africa Luska is the capital Top attraction is Victoria Falls Most of the country is covered by bush a mix of woodland and savanna BOTSWANA Landlocked Most desirable Safari destination Gaborone the capital and the largest city Kalahari Desert is spread across central part of the country o Desert is home to Bushmen one of the last hunter gatherer societies Chobe National Park is a popular destination with the world s highest elephant population NAMIBIA Windhoek the capital Namib Desert is one of the world s oldest and driest deserts most of the rain is absorbed into The architecture reflects German colony the ground so you have to dig deep for it Most of the animals die from lack of water To the north along the west coast is the Skelton Coast o The water along the coastline is very cold from the Antarctic with hot winds which creates a heavy evening fog many ships lost at sea and sink
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