INSTRUCTIONS STATEMENTS MADE IN HIS LECTURES STATEMENTS MADE IN VIDEOS HE SHOWED IN CLASS STATEMENTS HE EMPHASIZED REPEATEDLY ANY COLORED STATEMENT THAT HE EMPHASIZED IN MORE THAN ONE CLASS OR SAID WOULD BE ON EXAM AFRICA AND THE MIDDLE EAST AFRICA Sudan is largest country sq miles 47 countries is Africa 53 when including islands Nile longest river in world ANIMALS the Big 5 o Lions o Leopards o Elephants o Rhino s o Cape Buffalo wet before and Europe Popular places to visit Most visited locations o Egypt o Kenya o Tasmania o South Africa Sahara desert covers about quarter of continent o Used to be wet went through dry cycle o Known as one of the driest places in the world that used to be very Mayans had to leave their city because it was so dry migrated east to Asia o Pyramids Victoria Falls Mt Kilimanjaro Africa has the highest birth rate of any continent Over 2000 languages 3000 ethnic groups o Nigeria has over 370 recognized tribes 1884 1950s o Important date for African History o Europeans been in Africa for over 300 years o European Powers held a conference in Berlin Decided to divide the African territories into countries o Decade of Independence Independence from European countries 1960s o The transition period School enrollments go up Industrialization was taking place 1970s o Stagnation Blamed Cold War between US and Soviet Union Oil prices went up Development becomes more difficult Losing international investors 1980s o Continent in total Decline Hunger Starvation Civil wars Congo Zimbabwe 1990s o Continent in total crisis WARFARE Civil wars Starvation Dictators Mediterranean Coast Morocco Back and forth Spanish French Algeria French Libya Italy Bolivia Egypt under British Rule Madagascar is similar to the Galapagos Islands many species are not found anywhere else Important Pre colonial Kingdoms top 5 Bushmen oldest inhabitants of South Africa Berbers lived in North Africa o Known to travel hundreds of miles through the desert o Great navigators o Known to live in Africa since about 3000BC Zulus largest ethnic group in South Africa Tuareg nomadic tribe from the Sahara desert Mandinka West African Key European Countries that had important impact o Tried to find route to India around southern tip of Africa Portugal France England Belgium Germany Spain AFRICA AND THE MIDDLE EAST Africa Africa The environment and its People Africa is the second largest continent in the world o Behind Asia It is divided into Africa north of the Sahara the worlds largest desert and Africa south of the Sahara The countries to the north are akin to the Middle East o AKA culturally linked Middle East Geographically refers to Israel Syria Lebanon and Jordan plus the six countries of the Arabian Peninsula Kuwaite Saudi Arabia Qatar Yemen Oman UAE United Arab Emirates and the four countries in Asia Iraq Iran Afghanistan Pakistan Politically it also includes the North African countries of Morocco Algeria Tunisia Libya and Egypt THE LAND AFRICA o Africa is divided by the Equator o It has land in all four hemispheres o It is separated from Europe by the Mediterranean Sea and from Asia o The Atlantic Ocean is to the West and the Indian Ocean to the East by the Red Sea MIDDLE EAST o The middles East is in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres o It borders the To the NORTH Black Seas To the West Mediterranean Sea To the SOUTH Indian Ocean the Arabian Sea the Gulf of Oman AFRICA The Sahara covers 25 of Africa Has the world s longest river the Nile The tallest mountain is the Kilimanjaro in Tanzania The Great Rift Valley begins in the Middles East in Syria and extends south to Mozambique The People and their History Africa is known as the birthplace of the human race People lived in the Middle East as early as 25000 B C The Egyptian Civilization rises in the Nile reached the height of its power about 1400 B C B C o Most important and most powerful civilizations going back to 3000 Islam was the next major force in the region from 700 A D to the 1100s South of the Sahara there were very powerful kingdoms Centuries of European colonial rule followed the late 1400s In 1884 European powers met in Berlin to draw the boundaries of their colonies The Berlin Conference created African nations with no consideration for native cultures In the 20th Century the countries in the region regained their independence After WW1 Ends 1918 he league of Nations divided that Arab lands During the 1940s the Arabs states fought for their independence and Israel between Britain and France became a country 1948 African colonies became independent between 1950 and 1989 Morocco From 1085 played an important part in Muslim domination of Spain It is larger than California in size Morocco has great strategic location at the entrance of the Mediterranean To the south lies the Western Sahara The Atlas Mountains run southwest to northeast Tourists visit the four imperial cities o Rabat with great influence from the French in its architecture is the capital o Marrakesh was founded in 1602 Known as the red City because of the color of its walls and buildings is located to the south o Meknes was built to rival Paris after Louis XIV built Versailles o Fez The most ancient of the imperial cities Built in the 8th century Egypt Known as the Gift of the Nile Lower Nile lies to the north of Cairo South of Cairo is Upper Egypt The Nile flows north from Sudan The Cities Cairo is the capital o The city has many tourist attractions and can provide an immersion in Egyptian culture The Egyptian Museum is a popular attraction o It has a mixed population of Arabs Turks Africans and Europeans Giza a suburb of Cairo on the Nile is the site of the most famous pyramid The Great Pyramid of Cheops o The Great Pyramid is the world s largest single building o The Sphinx is also located at Giza Memphis Southwest of Cairo was the first capital of Egypt Alexandria second largest city and principal port o Today is a beach resort Luxor the country s most important destination o About 405 miles south of Cairo o Site of Thebes Egypt s imperial capital and the Temple of Luxor considered by many as the most important site in the country o The Valley of the Kings is across the river from Luxor The Safari Lands Know this whole section Safari means a journey in Kiswahili the common language of East Africa There are two types of safaris land safaris minibuses jeeps and wing safaris airplanes The Safari Lands run along east Africa from Kenya to South Africa It includes Kenya
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