Instructions Blue Points made orally Red Important Points Highly emphasized in class SOUTH AMERICA VENEZUELA COLOMBIA ECUADOR Angel Falls big tourist spot in comparison Now known for drug problems Named after the equator Galapagos islands owned by Ecuador claimed as a province in 1968 o Known for Charles Darwin Theory of Evolution o Originally discovered in 1535 by a Catholic Bishop named Thomas Bartolonga o Galapagos in Spanish translates to saddle o The bishop saw turtles that looked like they had saddles on their backs so came the name of the Galapagos Islands PERU CHILE Three times the size of California Capital is Lima Key area for Inca Empire Cuzco is about 11 000 feet in the air Lake can be seen from space Titicaca o Altitude sickness is very common Dry season is June and August The southern tip can be compared to Norway o Runs through the Antarctic Tierra la Fuego Land of Fire Andes Longest mountain range in the world From tip to tip almost 3000 miles from north Carolina to California o Tallest mountain in the world Driest dessert in the world 37 Trapped miners were here Get the majority of our produce imports from here during the winter Wine producer ARGENTINA Capital Buenas Ares The Tango Dance Closer to the European countries than North America URAGUY PARAGUAY Buffer for Brazil and Argentina Dictatorship for many years o Now a democracy Land locked BOLIVIA Land locked You can buy Cocoa leaves in the market o Partially led to Colombia s problem Huge tourist hit BRAZIL ocean As large as US not including Alaska River so powerful that you can find fresh water 50 miles into the Atlantic Amazon Rain forest covers about half of country o Rain forests considered the Lungs of the World o 1 5 of the water basin runs through the Amazon river Rio de Janero Jesus statue looking over the city o Carnival Four days before lent Pantanal wetlands the size of France Red Country next to Ven British Vienna Green Country over Brazil Dutch o Exchanged with US for Manhattan Speak Papiamento Jungles rain forest are so thick you must follow rivers from the coast line unless VERY daring Brown Country over Brazil French Vienna and islands Space agency in France launches most of its rockets from here o Why Almost completely a rain forest Devils Island o A French Prison So close to equator it uses less fuel to launch it into space Once sent there never you never return Now closed and is a tourist attraction o Dustin Hoffman movie Papion translates to butterfly True story of the only prisoner ever to escape from this prison Jumped down a cliff and floated up to Venezuela Made raft out of coconuts Venezuelans found him from fishing boat He went to press about inhumane conditions Pressure forced the French to close it INCAS Very powerful Isolated for centuries no immunity to diseases and illnesses we are immune to Brazilian gov t made laws stopping researchers from going into certain areas of the Amazon to protect natives Introduced Europeans to potatoes and corn chocolate tobacco o Potatoes from Bolivia o Corn from Mexico Europeans introduced Incas to horses lamb many other SOUTH AMERICA A region of mountains jungles and ancient civilizations It has one of the world s driest desserts tallest volcanoes the longest mountain chain the largest rain forest the highest navigable lake can be seen from space the highest water fall and a river with more water than Mississippi Nile and Yangtze combined THE LAND In the north it borders the Isthmus of Panama and is mostly surrounded by water To the south is the Tierra del Fuego only 700 miles from Antarctica Colombia Ecuador Peru and Chile border the Pacific Bolivia and Paraguay are two of the continents landlocked countries Brazil occupies almost half the continent Venezuela Guyana Suriname and French Guiana are located to the north Uruguay and Argentina are on the Atlantic to the southeast of the continent The Falkland islands are located in the south Atlantic o Islands have naval air station o Fought over by The western mountains the Andes are the worlds longest mountain range Anconcagua is the highest peak in the Western Hemisphere located between Argentina and Chile Amazonia in the Amazon river basin described as the Lungs of the World because of its ability to produce so much oxygen The amazon is the worlds largest river o More water than the Mississippi Nile and The Pampas a very fertile plain is located in Argentina People and Their History Immigration from Africa Europe and the East India created a rich miz of traditions and cultures Native American cultures like the Incas were very powerful and rich in culture and traditions Except for Brazil and small countries in the northeast three tiny countries about Brazil British Guiana French Guiana and the tiny green Dutch one most of South America was colonized by Spain The arrival of the Europeans brought an end to a series of South American native cultures dating back more than 2000 years They are known as Pre Colombian cultures Andean Lands Empire About 1200 ad a civilization was formed in Southern Peru known as the Inca Cuzco was the capital of the empire o Now a HUGE attraction for archeologists They had aquifers similar to the romans Carried water from the mountains up down and around By the 1500s the empire extended from Peru to present day Colombia to the north and Bolivia to the south Quechua was the language of the Inca Empire o Many people in Bolivia still speak this The Great Royal Highway or Inca Road extended from the Ecuador Colombian border to present day Santiago Chile The most used section was from Cuzco to Machu Picchu o Machu Picchu in Peru is a great travel destination Francisco Pizarro landed in 1532 and found the Inca Empire recovering from a civil war Not long after the Inca empire fell apart o He conquered and colonized the Incas after their civil war Ecuador Is one of the smallest countries in South America It lies on the Pacific coast on the Equator One of the attractions of the country are the Galapagos Islands Quito is the capital o It is called the Florence of the America s It is located in the Avenue of the Volcanoes Guayaquil is Ecuador s largest city and SA s principal Pacific port The Galapagos are fifteen large islands and many small ones The islands are peaks of volcanoes In 1835 a ship called the Beagle arrived Charles Darwin was on the ship It as on the Galapagos that he made observations which led to the theory of evolution Peru Is the third largest country in South
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