HFT2716 Summer B Exam 6 Tourism Culture Ch 1 4 5 7 9 15 Chapter One Globalization Tourism and Culture Key Terms Internationalization Liberalization Universalization Ideas going to every single corner of the world Westernization Americanization Other countries developing the way Americans live Deterritorialization Take away boundaries borders Benefits of Globalization Increases production Diffusion of ideas Ideas here can affect ideas in Canada Technological Improvements Growth and Expansion Increased economic activity Goods are moving faster and activity is up Job Creation Rise of Global Brands KFC Honda Increased understanding of the world Criticism of Globalization Decline in the power of national governments Polarization of the world in favor of stronger economies Negative impact in local communities Imitation of Western Culture Environmental Degradation Globalization and the Tourism Industry Tourism is one of the world s largest multinational economic activities It involves the greatest flow of goods services people in the world New Opportunities Electronic technology Communication Transportation Sophisticated web sites Examples of Globalization Formation of International alliances in the airline industry Hotel cooperation Franchising Tour operators forms partnerships Today s Tourist More globally oriented Depend on information technology Desire for safety Balance between career and family New types of tourism Responsible green sustainable Values Community culture ecology education family safety and security Homogenization to make things to the same Increasing emphasis on local culture elements Language Education Religion Tradition Art Culture convergence or divergence 2 theories converging 1 Because of globalization the planet is getting smaller and the cultures are 2 The flow of goods assets and knowledge are directed toward main centers of capital Culture Hybridization The incorporation of cultural elements from a variety of sources within particular cultural practices Allow the combo of two identities Culture Commoditization Culture transformed into a new form in order to sell IT cultural artifacts Cultural Deterioration Loss Adaption or Change Increasing contact between people Communities change their local values and traditions Authentic elements disappear IS consumerism a Bad thing for Tourism Does not necessarily have to destroy culture Creates high demand for cultural preservation Glocalization blend of globalization and localization relationship between global and the local Local and Internationalization and Regional Cooperation May promote direct investment lower transportation costs and distribution costs North America free trade agreement allows the movement of goods without little tariff charge Benefits and Limitations of Globalization in Tourism has increased trade capital generated growth created jobs and boosted development has polarized the world developing countries have little experience Challenges of Globalization in Tourism businesses operating in different countries must adapt to the local environment communication difficulties different cultures political economic and legal practices The Future of Globalization Americanization of culture Cosmopolitan Culture Cultural Hybridization Cultural Disappearance or Cultural Clash Summary American consumerism has changed values and patterns of people The American film industry has generated an identity crisis among poor nations for globalization the world must represent and accept western and non western cultures it must be multicultural cosmopolitan pertains to people that came from very large developed areas Key Concepts Westernization Americanization Hybridization Homogenization ov Hemogenization How does globalization impact tourism Which industry has the greatest flow of goods Difference between mass tourism and present day tourism Benefits of globalization and how it is defined Chapter Four Erosion of Local Cultures many societies experience erosion with the increase in international travel Cultural commoditization and transformation traditional culture is being packaged and treated as a commodity for sale local culture is commercially exploited and the rights of locals to own their heritage is lost Cultural Hostility Cultural Arrogance a form of cultural rejection or denial often associated with anger and aggression they refuse to accept other s view of the world exists within the areas of the United States as well host populations stage cultural experiences to compensate tourists for the lack of real experience backstage areas is where locals continue with their traditions France Russia Mexico geographical examples Authenticity of tourism experiences pseudo artifacts that are produced and commoditized inauthentic products are created tourists are often willing to perceive the products as being authentic Renaissance of traditional art forms rejuvenation of arts and crafts revival of original traditions Marketing of culture and violation of rights to own cultural heritage issue many of the native inhabitants do not have the financial means to produce the goods traditional culture is treated as a commodity locals lose their rights culture is turned into a paid performance Culture Change Occurs as a result of evolutionary changes within society the way people live contact between societies Cultural Diffusion The spread of cultural elements such as ideas styles food organic fusion etc religion technologies Cultural Borrowing occurs when two cultures come into contact and borrow each other s traditions customs and values Cultural Drift a temporary and random cultural change language behavior may change temporarily for the duration of the tourists visit or brought about through education and technology Acculturation occurs when individuals from different cultures come into contact individuals may maintain their culture of origin while gaining characteristics of others Cultural Adaptation adaptation of elements of other cultures to meet the tourist needs locals change their behavior and attitude Cultural Adjustment Four different stages tourists go through 1 Honeymoon stage 2 Hostility stage highly critical 3 Integration 4 Home Stage Cultural Assimilation replacement of one set of cultural traits by another Enculturation the learning of what is contained in a culture learning the accepted norms and values and also the language Demonstration Effect the effect on the behavior of individuals caused by the
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