HFT2716 Exam 5 The Pacific Study guide The Pacific Australia New Zealand and Oceania islands north of Australia South of the equator seasons are opposite January and February are the hottest months July and August are the coldest months Rainy season June August drive on the left hand side of the road Backgrounds British Australia New Zealand French French Polynesia American Guam Samoa Australia The People and History originally a penal colony of the British for prisoners in Sydney first inhabitants came from Asia over land bridges over 50 000 years ago Aborigines aborigines treated badly by the British about 750 000 lived in Australia when the British arrived today less than one percent of the Australia s population are Aborigines area first explored in the 1500s by the Spanish and Portuguese who thought it was too far for travelers and ignored it 1700s Great Britain claimed the land Captain James Cook originally named New South Wales the gateway to Australia 1901 Australia gained its independence Australia means The Southern Land between 1942 and 1972 more than 2 million European Italy Turkey Greece Macedonia immigrants began to settle Australia previously prior to 1901 inhabitants were British population of 22 million people 80 of the population lives along the coastline 80 world pearl market are out of Northwestern Australia The Land and Climate 6 states two territories 1 Victoria smallest state on the Southeast Coast cultural capital 2nd largest city Melbourne is the capital Soccer Cricket and Horse Racing Philips Island is to the south place to visit to see penguins Northeast of Melbourne are the Australian Alps many ski villages 2 Tasmania the island state The Natural State 30 protected world heritage national park very wet and lush vegetation remains of the last convict s prison 3 South Australia self reliant state everything you need is found here wine producing region vineyards began by German immigrants Kangaroo island is to the South Kangaroos Koalas Emus related to the ostrich Rhea Adelaide 5th largest city 4 Western Australia mostly a Mediterranean climate rainy season during the Winter Perth the capital unspoiled beaches larger than Texas and Alaska combined 5 Northwest Territory Darwin the capital tropical environment with a mixture of aboriginal Asia and European cultures Kakadu National Park home of the aboriginal tribes as well as crocodiles buffalo birds etc Ayers Rock near Alice Springs in Uluru 6 Queensland Brisbane the capital third largest city in Australia many luxury resorts mining towns rainforest modern cities Great Barrier Reef The Gold Coast resorts and casinos Cairns the gateway to the reef 1 250 miles long 7 Australian Capital Territory Australian Capital Territory ACT 1900s the country needed a new capital compromised was reach between Sydney and Melbourne and Canberra midway between the two cities became the capital of Australia which is Canberra built inland by the mountains in aborigine means The Meeting Place 8 New South Wales Sydney largest city in Australia original penal colony and capital of New South Wales Sydney bridge destination for the young and adventurous the only continent that is an island and made up of one sole country smallest flattest and least populated of major continents Interior of Australia mostly desert and extremely dry the Outback South of the equator seasons are opposite Attractions Ayers Rock world s largest single rock near Alice Springs at the center of the country Uluru The Great Barrier Reef World s longest coral reef Northeastern coast of Australia acts as a barrier between the mainland and the Pacific coastline travel from Cairns for tour groups New Zealand people from here are referred to as kiwis after the famous flightless bird internationally made famous via the Lord of the Rings in 2001 on a yearly basis experiences approximately 400 earthquakes population of 4 4 million people two major islands South Island ecotourism and more rugged tourist destination snowcapped peaks of the Southern Alps center of the South Island Christchurch The Gateway City most English city outside England New Zealand s 3rd largest city 1 3 island protected as National Park land Mount Cook National Park Tasman Glacier one of the longest outside the Himalaya Queenstown Adventure Capital of New Zealand most popular resort on the South Island Commercial bungee jumping began here in 1988 Fiordland where mountains meet the sea and flooded valleys have created many fiords Country s National Park North Island 75 population lives here known for sandy beaches active volcanoes geysers Maori culture Auckland major international airport largest city The City of Sails Wellington capital city of New Zealand mixture of modern and Victorian architecture Financial and Administrative seat of government ferry connects to South Island very limited tourism 2nd largest city Rotorua thermal wonderland with geysers and hot springs center of Maori culture Maori art and skilled boat builders war canoes Waitomo Caves glowing insects hang from the ceiling of the caves visitors limited due to impact on ecosystem can tube raft Tongario National Park Stewart island is a small island to the south Oceania Micronesia area of geographically many small islands Polynesia area of geographically of thousands of islands Melanesia islands with inhabitants of very dark skin the number of visitors to Oceania is very small expensive and difficult to get to Fiji Guam and French Polynesia attract the most visitors Fiji The Cross Roads of the Pacific about 2 3 the way between Hawaii and New Zealand inhabitants have come from all over the world and is culturally divivded Viti Levu island Suva the capital fire walking surfing fishing etc Guam A U S territory previously Spanish an important US naval base Residents are US citizens French Polynesia high islands protected by coral reefs overseas territory of France Tahiti largest island 70 80 population Bora Bora island Crown Jewel midway between Australia and Peru one of the most remote and secluded islands volcano encircled by a reef and surrounded by a blue lagoon Melanesia high coral islands in the Pacific Center Papua New Guinea PNG consists of the eastern half of new Guinea an Anthropologists paradise native inhabitants still practice cannibalism Vanuatu the birthplace of land diving bungee jumping 13 islands and a dozen of smaller ones mostly volcanic with coral beaches Micronesia low coral islands in the Pacific North
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