Exam V Notes Study Guide 1 The Pacific a Australia i Six states and two territories 1 80 live in state and territorial capitals ii Canberra capital iii New South Wales Gateway to Australia 1 Southeastern Australia 2 State 3 Sydney largest city a Once a penal colony b Sydney Harbor Bridge Coat Hanger because of its shape c Sydney Opera House most recognizable structure i Danish architecture d Blue Mountains city s playground iv Outback interior dry land 1 Rugged v Australian Capital Territory ACT comprised between Sydney and Melbourne for Canberra to be the capital 1 Canberra meeting place in Aboriginal language vi Victoria desert in the northwest 1 Fertile valleys of the Murray River 2 State 3 Melbourne capital 4 Sports such as footy and cricket 5 Phillip Island home to penguins 6 Ballarat visitors can pan for gold reconstructed miners town vii Tasmania island state 1 30 is protected World Heritage area national parks and reserves 2 Hobart capital 3 Remains of the last convict prison viii South Australia wombat 1 Adelaide capital a Museum has large collection of Aboriginal art 2 Murray River waters the Barossa Valley where Germans established Australia s oldest vineyards 3 Kangaroo Island Flinders Chase National Park kangaroos koalas emus 4 Coober Pedy white fella down a hole a Opal capital b Underground hotel ix Western Australia Bigger than Texas and Alaska combined 1 Fremantle Indian ocean city port 2 Broome used to supply 80 of world s mother of pearl 3 Kimberley Outback region a Diamond mine rare pink diamond x Northern Territory Aboriginal Asian and European cultures meet 1 Corroboree get together meal 2 Kakadu National Park tribes and wildlife 3 Alice Springs first overland telegraph station a Oasis 4 Uluru Ayers Rock middle of the Outback a Huge rock that glows deep red at sunrise and sunset b Sacred c Olgas smooth bolders i Uluru and Olgas considered evidence of the creation period xi Queensland resorts beaches mining towns 1 Brisbane capital a Australias third largest city b Lone Pine Koala Sanctuary Koalas breed freely here visitors like 2 Gold Coast South of Brisbane high rise hotels casinos nightclubs theme parks and beautiful beaches 3 Sunshine Coast North of Brisbane great beaches but less development 4 Cairns gateway to The Great Barrier Reef a 4 islands on the reef itself Heron Green Lady Elliot Lady Musgrave b Daintree Cape Tribulation rain forest skyrail rainforest cableway for visitors to travel over Karunda aboriginal mountain village b New Zealand i two major islands North and South 1 North is most populous 2 South is more rugged ii Stewart island is a small island to the south iii North island 1 Sandy beaches active volcanoes geysers Maori culture grape growing areas 2 Auckland largest city The City of Sails a Most visitors 3 Maori art and skilled boat builders huge war canoes 4 Northland warm climate with golfing and fishing 5 Rotorua thermal wonderland with many geysers hot springs a Center of Maori culture arts and crafts 6 Waitomo Caves central northern end of North island a Millions of glowing insects hanging from cave ceilings b Visitors can float via tube raft 7 Wellington capital southern end of North island a Mixed of modern and Victorian architecture b Boat ferries connect North and South islands takes a few hrs iv South island 1 Unspoiled scenery 2 Snowcapped peaks of the Southern Alps 3 Christchurch largest city a New Zealand s third largest city b the most English city outside England 4 Mount Cook National Park Tasman Glacier one of the longest outside of the Himalaya a Ski plane flights 5 Queenstown adventure capital of New Zealand a South island s most popular resort b Commercial bungee jumping began here in 1988 c Tons of outdoor activities 6 Fiordland where mountains meet the sea and flooded valleys have created many fiords a Country s National Park is here v Oceania 1 Not many visitors 2 Fiji Guam and French Polynesia attract most visitors 3 Fiji The Cross Roads of the Pacific a About 2 3 of the way between Hawaii and New Zealand b Viti Levu suva capital i Firewalking surfing fishing etc 4 French Polynesia acclaimed as some of Pacific s most beautiful islands a Mostly high islands protected by coral reefs b Overseas French Territory c Tahiti largest island d Bora Bora volcano encircled by reefs and surrounded by blue lagoon 5 Guam US Territory Important naval base a b Residents are US citizens 6 Other Destinations in Oceania a Melanesia includes high islands in Western Pacific b Papua New Guinea PNG consists of eastern half of new Guinea i Anthropologist s paradise c Vanuatu thirteen islands and dozens of smaller ones i Mostly volcanic with coral beaches ii Bungee jumping legend came from here 1 Woman climbs tree and ties rope to her feet and jumps after dispute with male male does not tie rope and jumps d Micronesia low coral islands in Pacific North e North Marianas stretch from Guam to almost Japan i Mariana trench is deepest of the ocean s canyon 1 Man recently made news by traveling it via submarine f Federated States of Micronesia FSM four states Island groups spread over 2000 miles i ii Rich marine life attracts divers g Polynesia occupy the South Pacific largest are i Tonga located in Southwest Pacific 1 Claim to be first to greet the new day ii Samoa The American Samoa make up the seven eastern islands 1 Germany took control of the western islands but lost them after the WWII Independent now 2
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