BIOSC 150 1nd Edition Lecture 29 Outline of Last Lecture I Study of Enzymes II Helpers III Regulators IV Reaction Rate Outline of Current Lecture 1 Study of Energy Current Lecture o Cells Need Energy o Potential energy stored energy o Kinetic energy energy of motion o First law of thermodynamics energy is neither created nor destroyed only transformed from one type to another o Second law of thermodynamics the amount of energy available to do work tends to decrease after any transformation o Energy is measured in kilocalories kcal o In any energy transformation some energy becomes unusable o Unusable energy is lost in the form of heat o Usable energy is free energy G o Unusable energy is entropy S o The change in free energy tells us if a reaction is thermodynamically favorable or spontaneous o Spontaneity of chemical reactions is determined by changes in potential energy and entropy Spontaneous reactions Products have lower potential energy than reactants Products generally have higher entropy than reactants o Exergonic reactions are thermodynamically favorable o Endergonic reactions are not thermodynamically favorable These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute o Energetic coupling allows endergonic reactions to happen o ATP hydrolysis is exergonic Energy released from ATP hydrolysis drives endergonic reactions o Building blocks and energy derived from food is used to build cellular macromolecules
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