BIOSC 150 1nd EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 8Lecture 1 (January 13)Introduction to the Lipids:1.What is the chemical structure and function of lipids?2.Why are lipids more hydrophobic and carbohydrates more hydrophilic?Question 1 Answer: Lipids are composed of long hydrocarbon chains and their function is in the cell membrane to improve permeabilityQuestion 2 Answer: Lipids are more hydrophobic because they are composed on long nonpolar hydrocarbon chains, which do not interact with water since it is polar.Lecture 2 (January 15) Introduction to DNA/RNA:1. What is the difference between DNA and RNA?2. What is the nucleotide in nucleic acid composed of?Question 1 Answer: The difference between DNA and RNA is one part of the nucleotide; DNA contains deoxyribose while RNA contains ribose.Question 2 Answer: A nucleotide is the monomer of nucleic acid and is composed of a phosphate function group, a nitrogenous bases, and either ribose or deoxyribose.Lecture 3 (January 17) Introduction to Proteins:1. Name at least three functions of proteins.2. Why is proper folding essential to protein function?Question 1 Answer: Proteins have multiple functions, including but not limited to transportation, defense, structure, movement, etc.Question 2 Answer: Proper folding is essential to proteins because structure determines function with proteins, therefore improper folding of the proteins will lead to different or nofunction of the protein molecule.Lecture 4 (January 22) Introduction to Proteins continued:1.What is a detergent?2.What purpose does hemoglobin serve?Question 1 Answer: Detergent is essential in proteins because it hides hydrophobic groups so water doesn’t interact with them.Question 2 Answer: Hemoglobin is a protein that is responsible for the transportation of oxygen in and out of the cell.Lecture 5 (January 24) Introduction to Hemoglobin:1. What causes sickle cell?2. How can one identify which biomolecule makes up sickle cell?Question 1 Answer: Sickle Cell is a mutation in red blood cells when the cells are filled with fibers and there is a change in the peptide chain with the switch of the amino side chain (Val) with the side chain (Glu).Question 2 Answer: A plethora of tests can be run to identify the biomolecule responsible for sickle cell. The most common would be the identification with a series of dyes.Lecture 6 (January 27) Introduction to Membranes:1. What are four jobs of membrane proteins?2. How does one measure movement across a membrane?Question 1 Answer: Membrane proteins have multiple jobs including but not limited to transporters, anchors, receptors, and enzymes.Question 2 Answer: Many experiments can be used to measure movement across amembrane. One experiment would be to weigh the membrane before diffusion occurs then after the equilibrium occurs. Take the measurements and find the change in weight before and
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