BIOSC 150 1nd Edition Lecture 21Outline of Last Lecture I. Non-MendelianII. Human GeneticsOutline of Current Lecture 1. Case Studies2. Genetics of CardiomyopathyCurrent Lecture- The heart is essential for circulation of blood carrying oxygen, nutrients, and wastes- The heart pumps blood through a vessel system of arteries, veins, and capillaries- The heart is essentially two pumps sending blood to the lungs or systematically- Left ventricle is thicker than the right ventricle because the left ventricle has to pump theblood throughout the whole body, while the right simply pumps it to the heart- Electrical signals tell cardiac muscle cells to contractThere are three typed of muscle1. Skeletal muscle (voluntary)2. Cardiac muscle (involuntary)3. Smooth muscle (involuntary)- Contraction and relaxation cycles of cardiac muscle tissue is responsible for heart pumping- Cardiac muscles are all connected through intercalated disks (Desmosomes and adherens-like junctions hold cell together while gap junctions electrically couple cell)- Gap junctions in intercalated discs coordinate contraction initiation via electrical signaling of ions- Branching of cardiac muscle cells connects many together and coordinates contraction- Muscle cells are specialized for contraction- Muscle cells contain organized bundles of actin and myosin- Cardiac muscle striations reflect sarcomere architecture- Sarcomere proteins drive contractions and the sarcomere shortens- Myosins pull antiparallel actin filaments- Tropomyosin and troponin together control myosin access to actinThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Binding changed troponin structure and releases tropomyosin to expose myosin binding site on actin- Proteins of the cardiac sarcomere drive contraction and relaxation- Actin binding site on myosin is very sensitive to mutation- ATPase enzyme region of myosin is sensitive to mutationMyosins- motor proteins that use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to travel along actin- The hinge is made of 3 proteins coded for by three different genes and is sensitive to mutation- Single Nucleotide change in genes for sarcomere proteins can cause
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