Unformatted text preview:

BSC2011 Exam 4 Ecology Lecture 26 Introduction to Ecology Reading Chapter 52 Concepts Know that ecology is studied at the levels of o Individual ecology single species physiology and behavior meet the challenges posed by its environment concerned with how an organism s structure o Population ecology group of same species and how and why it changes through time analyzes factors that affect population size o Community ecology group of populations such as predation and competition affect community structure and organization examines how interactions between species o Ecosystem ecology community of organisms cycling between organisms and the environment emphasizes energy flow and chemical o Landscape ecology connected ecosystems of energy materials and organisms across multiple ecosystems focuses on the factors controlling exchanges o and Biosphere ecology global ecosystem examines how the regional exchange of energy and materials influences the functioning and distribution of organisms across the biosphere Understand that ecology is the study of factors affecting the distribution and abundance of organisms o Ecology the study of factors influencing the distribution and abundance of organisms o Why do wales migrate or why does a certain type of tree grow where it does would be questions an ecologist would ask o Why do species occur where they do Ecology analyzes these factors including biotic living other organisms and abiotic factors non living chemical physical factors such as temperature sunlight water nutrients etc Understand that global climate is determined by the pattern of solar radiation striking the surface and local features such as mountains and bodies of water Page 1 o Climate is the long term prevailing weather conditions in a particular area Main components are temperature precipitation sunlight and wind all of which are affected by the solar o Earth s curved shape creates different intensities of solar radiation resulting in different areas for populations to arise o Earth s tilt causes seasonal variation in the intensity of solar radiation The planet is tilted by 23 5 therefore the tropics experience the greatest annual input of solar radiation and the least seasonal variation The seasonal variations of light and temperature increases toward the poles o Intense solar radiation near the equator initiates a global pattern of air circulation and precipitation High temperatures in the tropics 23 5 cause warm air to rise and move toward the poles creating abundant precipitation in the tropical rainforest regions That dry air descends absorbing moisture from the land and creating a climate conductive to the desert regions around 30 The hot air rises again and releases abundant precipitation around 60 and then dry air rises again creating comparatively rainless and bitterly cold climates of the polar regions o Air flowing close to the surface creates global wind patterns that result from the heat of o Ocean currents influence climate along the coasts of continents by heating or cooling the tropics overlying air masses 1 Warm air over land rises 2 Air cools at high elevation 3 Cooler air sinks over water and rainfall 6 C 4 Cool air over water moves inland replacing rising warm air over land o Mountains affect the amount of sunlight reaching an area and also the local temperature Every 1000 meter increase in elevation produces a temperature drop of approx o When moist air moves in off the ocean and encounters mountains it flows upward cools at higher altitudes and drops a large amount of precipitation The other side of the mountain Page 2 is left dry known as a rain shadow and a desert is often present Know that aquatic habitats are determined by the proximity to shore light bottom vs open water nutrients o The plants and animals in a particular zone are suited to survive in that zone Even animals on the sea floor manage to survive on the falling of nutrients from the surface Know that terrestrial habitats are determined by temperature and moisture o Temperature and moisture affect what kind of plants and animals and survive and reproduce in an area Ex high temp low moisture results in dry deserts with animals suited to that environment Population group of individuals of the same species living in an area Terms Community group of populations of different species in an area Ecosystem community of organisms in an area and the physical factors with which the organisms interact Biome major terrestrial or aquatic life zones in the Earth lakes wetlands deserts tundra etc Benthic the ocean floor made up of sand and organic and inorganic sediments Aphotic zone where little light penetrates Wetland area swamped by water at least some of the time supports plants adapted to water Pelagic the vast realm of ocean blue water Photic zone where there is sufficient light for photosynthesis saturated soil falling tide River streams of water with a current Estuary transition area between river and sea Seawater flows up during rising tide down turning Coral Reef formed largely from the calcium carbonate skeletons of corals live in photic zone of relatively stable tropical marine environments with high water clarity primarily on islands and edges of continents Tropical Forest areas in the tropical regions layer with trees Rain forests 200 400 cm annual rainfall or dry forests 150 200 cm annually and a six to seven month dry season Desert occur near 30 north and south precipitation is low and highly variable less than 30 cm year Temperate plains and prairies such as the flatlands of the central United States Broadleaf Forest characterized by thick trees and distinct seasons such as central Europe Lecture 27 Populations and Life History Page 3 Reading 53 1 and 53 2 Understand that populations can be described by size density dispersal and survivorship o Populations can be described by density the number of individuals per unit area or volume Ex of trees in one square kilometer Scientists use many techniques to estimate population density such as the mark recapture method defined below o Populations can be described by dispersion pattern of spacing among individuals Variations in local density provides insight to environmental interactions and social interactions between individuals of a population Common patters are Clumped many individuals together in patches such as fungus on a log Uniform evenly spaced often a result of territoriality where individuals compete for space such as penguins


View Full Document

FSU BSC 2011 - Exam 4: Ecology

Documents in this Course
Concepts

Concepts

16 pages

Lecture 2

Lecture 2

21 pages

Exam #1

Exam #1

24 pages

Ecology

Ecology

12 pages

Exam 2

Exam 2

10 pages

Ecology

Ecology

10 pages

Ecology

Ecology

25 pages

Ecology

Ecology

7 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

24 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

24 pages

Lecture 1

Lecture 1

19 pages

Exam 4

Exam 4

15 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

15 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

15 pages

Ecology

Ecology

5 pages

Lecture 1

Lecture 1

60 pages

Lecture 1

Lecture 1

60 pages

Exam 4

Exam 4

26 pages

Ecology

Ecology

10 pages

Lecture 1

Lecture 1

57 pages

Lecture 1

Lecture 1

57 pages

Lecture 1

Lecture 1

76 pages

Lecture 1

Lecture 1

57 pages

Ecology

Ecology

15 pages

Ecology

Ecology

9 pages

Ecology

Ecology

16 pages

Ecology

Ecology

14 pages

EXAM 4

EXAM 4

16 pages

Lecture 1

Lecture 1

26 pages

Exam 3

Exam 3

10 pages

Exam 3

Exam 3

10 pages

Test 1

Test 1

6 pages

Exam 4

Exam 4

26 pages

Exam 4

Exam 4

25 pages

Test 2

Test 2

10 pages

Ecology

Ecology

19 pages

Phylum

Phylum

41 pages

LECTURE

LECTURE

11 pages

Lecture 1

Lecture 1

31 pages

Test 1

Test 1

8 pages

Ecology

Ecology

31 pages

Test 1

Test 1

6 pages

Exam 2

Exam 2

34 pages

Exam 3

Exam 3

6 pages

Notes

Notes

5 pages

Exam

Exam

39 pages

CNIDARIAN

CNIDARIAN

12 pages

Ecology

Ecology

15 pages

EXAM 3

EXAM 3

28 pages

Notes

Notes

4 pages

Mollusca

Mollusca

40 pages

Load more
Download Exam 4: Ecology
Our administrator received your request to download this document. We will send you the file to your email shortly.
Loading Unlocking...
Login

Join to view Exam 4: Ecology and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or
We will never post anything without your permission.
Don't have an account?
Sign Up

Join to view Exam 4: Ecology and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or

By creating an account you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms Of Use

Already a member?