No#Lecture##Be#able#to#identify#dependent#and#independent#variables#in#both#observational#tests#and#experiments#Know#how#to#cite#a#scientific#paper#in#the#text#of#something#you#write#and#then#how#to#write#out#the#citation#at#the#end.##Lecture#2##Know#that#cells#grow,#synthesize#DNA,#and#divide#in#a#cycle#with#distinct#phases##Understand#that#the#cell#cycle#is#controlled#by#molecules#present#in#the#cytopla sm#that#regu la te ## movement#of#the#cycle#past#‘checkpoints’##Lecture#3##Understand#that#meristems#are#sites#of#cell#division#and#that#development#occurs#after#cell#division##Lecture#4##Control#of#transcription#occurs#through#the#binding#of#activators#or##repressors#to#special#sites#on #the ## DNA#Know#that#gene#expression#in#eukaryotes#can#be#controlled#at#multiple#stages#during#transcription#and## translation#Know#that#modification#of#histone#structure#can#affect#transcription##Know#that#enhancers#and#transcription#factors#can#affect#transcription##Lecture#5##Cell#differentiation#occurs#during#early#development##because#of#different#concentrations#of#cytoplasmic### determinants##Lecture#6##Understand#that#polyspermy#is#blocked#by#2#mechanisms#in#sea#urchins#and#why#blocking#multiple## fertilizations#is#impo rta nt.##Know#that#cleavage#has#different#patterns#in#different#organisms#and#what##those#patterns#are.##Lecture#7##Know#that#gastrulation#produces#three#basic#types#of#embyronic#cells##Understand#that#the#archenteron#is#the#embyronic#gut#L#forms#a s#a#resu lt#of#gastrulation###Lecture#8##Understand#that#the#position#of#regions#of#the#embryo#relative#to#one#another#provides#information#that## determines#the#formation#of#organs.##Know#the#examples#from#neurulation#(notochord#stimu late s#the #form a tion #of#the #ne ura l#plate,#ne ura l## tube#stimulate s#neu ral#cre st#cells)##Lecture#9##Understand#that#hormones#act#over#the#entire#body##Understand#that#hormones#control#the#timing#of#developmental#changes##Lecture#10####Understand#that#different#types#of#organisms#determine#sex#in#different#ways.#Know#that#the#SRY#region#determines#sex#in#humans###Lecture#11##Know#that#chromosomes#exist#as#homologous#pairs#in#diploids##Know#and#understand#why#meiosis#produces#haploid#daughter#cells#from#diploid#parents##Lecture#12##Know#that#homologous#chromosomes#are#separated#in#meiosis#I##Understand#that#both#the #rand om#assortment#of#h om o log s#into#d aug hte r#cells#and #th e#p roce ss#of## crossing#over#result#in#genetically#variable#gametes##Lecture#13##Law#of#Segregation##Law#of#Independent#Assortment##Lecture#14##Understand#the#sum#rule#and#product#rule#of#Probability##Be#able#to#apply#the#rules#of#probability#to#genetics#Problems####Lecture#15##Understand#that#incomplete#dominance#means#heterozygotes#have#an#intermediate#phenotype##Understand#the#inheritance#of#ABO#blood#types##Understand#the#different#patterns#of#inheritance #for#do m ina nt#an d#recessive#alleles.##Lecture#16##Understand#that#most#traits#are#caused#by#many#loci,#each#with#a#fairly#small#effect#on#the#phenotype.#Understand#that#these#loci#are#often#additive,#similar#to#incomplete#dominance#Understand#that#this#gives#results#similar#to#but#different#than#blending#inheritance.##Lecture#17##Understand#that##loci#close#together#on#a#chromosome#are#likely#to#be#inherite d #as #a #un it #an d #a re #sa id #to ## be#linked.##Lecture#18##Know#that#loci#on#the#X#chromosome#are#inherited#differently#in#males#and #fe males.#Know#that#in#female#mammals#one#X#chromosome#is#inactivated#in#each#cell.###Lecture#19##Understand#the#basic#principle#of#natural#selection#Understand#that#evolution#produces#allele#frequency#changes,#inherited#ph e n ot yp ic #ch a n ge s ,## differences#among#populations,#new#phenotypes#and#new#species###Lecture##20#Understand#the#five#ideas#in#Darwin’s#theory##Understand#the#basic#process#of#natural#selection##Lecture#21##Know#these##different#types#of#evidence#for#evolution#and #un de rsta nd#their#significance:#Life#on #Island s,### Artificial#Selection,#Molecular#Evolution,##Homology##Lec#ture#s22#and#23##Understand#that#populations#can#be#described#in#terms#of#allele#frequenc ies#a nd #that#e volu tion ary ## forces#can#cha nge#frequencies##Understand#that#mendelian#inheritance#will#not#change#allele#frequencies#(e.g.#understan d#H ard y##
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