CNIDARIANSEumetazoa (multicellular with true tissuescnidocyte cells characteristic of the phylum.- Cnidocytes contain organelles called cnidae (cnidum, sing.Nematocysts cellular organelle capped by an operculum within a cnidocyte shoots harpoon like objectileCnidocil- the trigger usually initiated by physical/chemical contactTYPES OF CNIDAE(THERES LOTS FALL THESE CATERGORY)volvents are whiplike & entangle prey ENTANGLEglutinants have a sticky secretion that sticks to the prey (also used to adhere & move) GLUEYpenetrants have barbs at their tips and penetrate the prey, often injecting a toxin causing paralysis STABPolyp: cylindrical, generally attached to a substrate; solitary or colonial; tentacles surround a mouth that faces away from substrate, generally upwardMedusa: umbrella-shaped, free-floating; tentacles surround mouth that (generally) faces downward {THINK M FACES DOWN LIKE MEDUSAS}base = pedal disc (attaches to substrateepitheliomuscular cells in epidermis with longitudinal myofibrils -nutritive-muscular cells in gastrodermis with circular myofibrilsstem cell-like interstitial cells (give rise to sex cells, cnidocytes, sensory & nerve cells) in both tissue layers-gland cells are in both tissue layers - zygote develops into a free-swimming, multicellular, ciliated planula larva that will settle and form a new polypCOLONY: group of individuals, often asexually produced clones, living interdependently, often cooperativelyEX;MANOWAR, anthozoan corals SOLITARY NOT HYDRASsiphonophores - the ultimate “superorganisms”?= a colony of specialized, cooperative, polymorphic* polypsHydrocorals – aka “fire coral” (not a true coral, but a hydrozoanrhopalium - sense “organ” in “notches along edge of bell (balance ieINSERT LIFE CYCLE SCYPHOZOAN(AURELIA)Staurozoa split off from the Class Scyphozoa -solitary polyp (MIX B/W POLYP / MEDUSA LIKE MEDUSA STUCK )symbiotic photosynthetic algae called “zooxanthellae” (ANTHOZOANS COMMONLY HAVE)SUB CLASSES ANT. sea anemones and hard corals”)hexamerous/polymerous symmetry; “soft corals, sea fans,” etc.)octomerous symmetry acontia: threads with nematocysts & gland cellssiphonoglyph: ciliated groove runs down sides of pharynx maintains H20 currentDIVIDED CHAMBERS OF GVC BY septa*warming sea temp. kills zooxanthellae – get coral bleaching“SOFT CORALS” secrete stiff butflexible gorgonin proteinCTENOPHORA CONTAIN NO NEMATOCYTES BUT GLUE CELLS CALLED COLLOBLAST 6/16/11 6:57 PMCNIDARIANSEumetazoa (multicellular with true tissuescnidocyte cells characteristic of the phylum.- Cnidocytes contain organelles called cnidae (cnidum, sing.Nematocysts cellular organelle capped by an operculum within a cnidocyte shoots harpoon like objectileCnidocil- the trigger usually initiated by physical/chemical contactTYPES OF CNIDAE(THERES LOTS FALL THESE CATERGORY)volvents are whiplike & entangle prey ENTANGLEglutinants have a sticky secretion that sticks to the prey (also used to adhere & move) GLUEYpenetrants have barbs at their tips and penetrate the prey, often injecting a toxin causing paralysis STABPolyp: cylindrical, generally attached to a substrate; solitary or colonial; tentacles surround a mouth that faces away from substrate, generally upwardMedusa: umbrella-shaped, free-floating; tentacles surround mouth that (generally) faces downward {THINK M FACES DOWN LIKE MEDUSAS}base = pedal disc (attaches to substrateepitheliomuscular cells in epidermis with longitudinal myofibrils -nutritive-muscular cells in gastrodermis with circular myofibrilsstem cell-like interstitial cells (give rise to sex cells, cnidocytes, sensory & nerve cells) in both tissue layers-gland cells are in both tissue layers - zygote develops into a free-swimming, multicellular, ciliated planula larva that will settle and form a new polypCOLONY: group of individuals, often asexually produced clones, living interdependently, often cooperativelyEX;MANOWAR, anthozoan corals SOLITARY NOT HYDRASsiphonophores - the ultimate “superorganisms”?= a colony of specialized, cooperative, polymorphic* polypsHydrocorals – aka “fire coral” (not a true coral, but a hydrozoanrhopalium - sense “organ” in “notches along edge of bell (balance ieINSERT LIFE CYCLE SCYPHOZOAN(AURELIA)Staurozoa split off from the Class Scyphozoa -solitary polyp (MIX B/W POLYP / MEDUSA LIKE MEDUSA STUCK )symbiotic photosynthetic algae called “zooxanthellae” (ANTHOZOANS COMMONLY HAVE)SUB CLASSES ANT. sea anemones and hard corals”)hexamerous/polymerous symmetry; “soft corals, sea fans,” etc.)octomerous symmetry acontia: threads with nematocysts & gland cellssiphonoglyph: ciliated groove runs down sides of pharynx maintains H20 currentDIVIDED CHAMBERS OF GVC BY septa*warming sea temp. kills zooxanthellae – get coral bleaching“SOFT CORALS” secrete stiff butflexible gorgonin proteinCTENOPHORA CONTAIN NO NEMATOCYTES BUT GLUE CELLS CALLED COLLOBLAST 6/16/11 6:57 PMAnnelids are important in marine ecosystems…- involved in nutrient redistribution through burrowing: - they convert organic debris into CO2, which dissolves in water and is taken up by marine phytoplankton for photosynthesis, releasing O2-first Coelom (we have looked at thus far): a fluid-filled body cavity completely enclosed by mesoderm-Annelids are metameric: the body is a series of repeating segments, or metameres.•metameres are separated externally by circular rings, or annuli •metameres are separated internally by septa•components of all major body systems - excretory, circulatory, reproductive & nervous - are repeated (mostly) in each segment - the gut is the only exception (it runs all the way through segments)CIRCULATORY SYS.• a dorsal vessel pushes blood forward (anteriorly)• a ventral vessel moves blood posteriorly(think v=vent to back)• capillary beds connect the two major blood vessels in the body wall (where blood gets oxygenated by diffusion) and in the gut wall (where blood picks up nutrients)- sometimes setae are on paired “paddle-like appendages” called parapodia (in marine polychaetes)• a moist, acellular collagenous cuticle secreted by epidermal epithelial tissue•all (except for leeches) have tiny chitinous bristles called setae•metanephridia tubules in each segment collect & filter coelomic fluid, removing nitrogenous wastes (urea in terrestrial species; ammonia in aquatic species) to outside through nephridiopores - so not just for osmoregulation & ion
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