MET FINAL REVIEW MET 1010 Chapters 1 3 Instructor Nancy Dignon EXAM 1 MATERIALS 1 Recognize weather symbols on a map and understand the terms Warm Red Cold Blue Stationary Red Blue Occluded Purple 2 Know the difference between weather and climate Climate is described as the average of the weather conditions observed in a certain region over a long period of time Does not vary as much as weather which is defined as the current state of the atmosphere 3 Know the elements of the atmosphere and their measures units Temperature Fahrenheit Celcius or Kelvin Wind knots Pressure mb Humidity 4 List the primary gases of the Earth s atmosphere Nitrogen 78 Oxygen 21 Argon 98 CO2 05 5 Understand the basic use of radiosonde and rawinsonde balloons and the variables they measure Radiosonde Measure temperature pressure and humidity up to 30km Rawinsonde All the above but also measures wind speed direction 6 Describe the pressure and composition changes of the atmosphere The troposphere is the lowest level As you go up in the atmosphere the pressure drops significantly The pressure in the second level the stratosphere ranges from 1mb to just over 100mb The mesosphere the next level ranges from about 01mb to 1mb Lastly the thermosphere averages at about 001mb Remember that there is a temperature inversion as you go up In the troposphere it gets colder with altitude In the stratosphere it gets hotter as we move up This keeps alternating as you change levels within the atmosphere Oxygen levels also decrease rapidly with altitude 7 Be able to identify the layers of the atmosphere based on temperature tendencies Thermosphere 85km 120km Hottest layer and has temperature inversion Heterosphere Tropopause 100km Mesosphere 49km 85km Coldest layer Stratosphere 11km 49km Temp increases with height Homosphere Tropopause 0km 11km 8 Describe the importance of ozone and how its decrease could affect us Ozone absorbs infrared UV energy produced by the sun Without the ozone layer the Earth would absorb too much of the suns energy and the atmosphere would become too hot The affects of a reduction in ozone go on and on Skin cancer polar ice caps melting rising sea levels global warming of the atmosphere increased number of hurricanes etc 9 Understand the difference between heat and temperature Heat is thermal energy transferred from one object to another because of a temperature difference and temperature is a relative measure of how hot or cold something is measured on a scale or the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance or object 10 Know the three scales of temperature and be able to convert from one to another Fahrenheit Temperature in Celsius multiplied by 1 8 and added to 32 F C 1 8 32 Celsius Temperature in Fahrenheit subtracted by 32 and divided by 1 8 C F 32 1 8 Kelvin Temperature in Celsius plus 273 K C 273 11 Know the terms latent heat and calories and identify the phase changes with the absorption or release of heat Latent heat The heat required to convert a solid into a liquid or vapor or a liquid into a vapor without change of temperature Calories A unit of energy defined as that amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius Condensation Gas Liquid Evaporation Liquid Gas Freezing liquid solid Melting Solid Liquid 12 Distinguish between the different methods of heat transfer and identify examples of each Conduction Transfer of heat through direct contact You touch a hot pan and burn yourself Convection Vertical heat transfer hot air rises cold air sinks Advection Horizontal heat transfer wind moving warm cold air Radiation The emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles Sun heats through waves instead of direct contact 13 Understand the electromagnetic spectrum specifically infrared visible and ultraviolet radiation All radiation are photons being emitted by any object containing energy Infrared the longest wavelength of all radiation Produced by the sun and the earth This is basically heat Think heat vision Visible visible light radiation This is the only form of radiation that our eyes are sensitive to Ultraviolet this is radiation with wavelengths just below that of visible light Violet is the shortest wavelength of visible light after that comes UV radiation 14 Recognize the relationship between temperature and wavelengths of radiation with regard to the rules of radiation AM radio waves Largest waves least energy heating per wave television waves microwaves infrared waves Visible light UV waves X rays Smallest waves most energy heating per wave 15 Be able to discuss how the Earth s atmosphere is heated and cooled why gases are selective absorbers of radiation The Earth absorbs all radiation spectra that strikes it and then emits infrared radiation The earth s atmosphere however absorbs and emits infrared radiation The Earth and all things continually radiate energy If an object radiates more energy than it absorbs it cools if it absorbs more energy than it emits it gets warmer When an object emits and absorbs energy at equal rates its temperature remains unchanged Ozone selectively absorbs ultraviolet radiation Carbon dioxide and water vapor are strong selective absorbers of infrared radiation 16 Explain the difference between the Greenhouse effect and the atmospheric effect The greenhouse effect is the absorption of infrared radiation from the earth by water vapor and carbon dioxide This is commonly confused with the atmospheric effect which is defined as the heating of air within a greenhouse due to the air s inability to circulate rather than the absorption of energy 17 Know the methods of interference in the Earth s atmosphere and understand our heat balance 18 Understand the Earth sun relationship including causes of seasons characteristics of seasons and how latitude affects temperature The cause of seasons is earths tilt as it revolves around the sun The earth will be closer to the sun during some parts of the year than others Summer Solstice on June 21st the sun will be directly overhead in the northern hemisphere Autumnal fall Equinox September 22 this is when the sun is directly over the equator in the NH Days are getting shorter Winter Solstice December 21 the shortest day of the year Vernal spring Equinox March 20 days and nights throughout the world are equal in length and the sun is directly over the equator The region near the equator low latitudes gains more solar radiation than is
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