Chapter 1 Questions:Which of the following outlines the steps of the scientific method in the correct order? Data > hypothesis > debate hypothesis > test hypothesis with predictions > theoryDust in the atmosphere is NOT associated with which of the following? On the average, for every 1 km increase in altitude in the troposphere the air temperature: decreases 6.5The most important source of the free oxygen in our atmosphere is: plants in the oceanThe vertical temperature structure of the troposphere is described by: Lapse rateWater vapor represents what fraction of the air near the Earth's surface? :0%-4%The troposphere is most likely to be thickest: tropicsThe level of the atmosphere with the highest temperatures is the ________. :thermosphereWhich of the following spheres is composed exclusively of water? hydrosphereThe ozonelayer is found in the: stratosphereThe summit of Mt. Everest (8.85 km) is found in the: troposphereRadiosondes have been used regularly since: still usedWhich of the following is NOT true of radiosondes? Twice a day, balloons, temp, humidity, pressThe formation of fossil fuels begins when: carbon cycle, dead plants carbon mixes with sedimentAir may best be described as: atmosphereWhich one of the following is the MOST abundant gas in the atmosphere? Nitrogen>oxy>argon>co2Which two gases make up a combined total of 99% of clean, dry air in the homosphere? N and OThis variable atmospheric component can exist in all three states of matter (solid, liquid, and gas) at the temperatures and pressures that normally exist on Earth: waterThis atmospheric component absorbs damaging ultraviolet radiation from the Sun: O3Ninety percent of our atmosphere lies below an altitude of about: 16kmWith an increase in altitude, air pressure: decreasesAtmospheric pressure is caused by: weight of the air aboveWhich of the following is the MOST important atmospheric component with regard to the Earth's climate? Water vaporThe four thermal layers of the atmosphere in order beginning from the surface are: tropo, strato, meso, thermoOzone is concentrated in the: stratoThe heterosphere and ionosphere are BOTH found in the: thermoA primary difference between the concepts of weather and climate is the: timeWhich of these was NOT involved with the formation and evolution ofour present atmosphere? The normal lapse rate applies to the: atmosphereThis country has the greatest variety of weather in the world. USThe majority of the water outside of the oceans is in the form of : gasWhich one of the following gases has the greatest effect on weather? : waterChapter 2 QuestionsSuppose the albedo of a planet is measured to be 40 percent. This means that During natural processes, heat transfer is always from : higher the albedo, lower the tempDuring the Earth's orbit around the Sun, the inclination (tilt) of the Earth's axis: changesLow sun angles result in reduced solar energy because: shadowWhich of the following correctly describes the equinoxes?: sun hits equator, right in the middleFlagstaff, AZ is at 35 degrees N latitude. What is the angle of the Sun's noon rays here on March 21? Equinox, 35 degreesAt 45 degrees S latitude, the angle of the noon Sun is lowest and the length of daylight is shortest on: summer solstice, june 21stWhich of the following associations is INCORRECT? The energy associated with motion is called: kineticHeat: transfer of energyThe longest wavelengths on the electromagnetic spectrum are: radioThe wavelengths emitted by the Earth are: infraredOn the average, how much of the Sun's energy that is intercepted by the Earth system is reflected to space? 30%The length of daylight gets progressively longer going south from the equator on decemberThe spring equinox in the Northern Hemisphere starts on: March 21stThe 90 degrees angle rays strike the Tropic of Cancer on: June 21st New York City has its greatest length of daylight on: June 21stThe Earth receives energy from the Sun by: heat The process of ________ involves the movement of a mass or substance.: conventionWind is an example of: Kinetic energyThermals and advection are both types of: convectionThe transfer of heat through matter by molecular collisions is called: conductionScattering: During reflection, Earth's perihelion: nearest to the sun January thirdAt what time of year is the Earth's axis not tilted either toward or away from the Sun? spring and fall equinoxesThe longest day of the year in the United States occurs on: December 21stThe surface with the HIGHEST albedo is: desert, snowWavelengths of the visible spectrum are between: 400-700The type of energy that is responsible for sunburn is: ultravioletObjects with higher temperatures: higher frequency, go to lower tempsThe Earth emits terrestrial radiation: all the tizzime If an imbalance occurs between incoming and outgoing energy at the Earth's surface: either increase or decreaseEarth is closest to the Sun during: No. hemisphere winter Most of the solar energy absorbed by planet Earth and its atmosphere is absorbed by: Earth’s surfaceWhich of the following does NOT happen to solar radiation as it passes through the atmosphere? Which of the following gases does not absorb any portion of incoming solar radiation? N and OThe atmosphere is heated primarily by : absorption of earth radiationClouds play an important role in the Earth's energy budget because they: reflect solar radiationThe Stefan-Boltzman Law states that: everything gives out energyThe primary factor which determines what type and how much radiation an object emits is its: temperatureAll radiation emitted by the Earth and its atmosphere is in the category of: InfraredThe primary cause of the Earth's seasons is : earth’s tiltAtmosphere is strongly ________ with respect to terrestrial radiation: absorptiveThe atmosphere is nearly ________ with respect to solar radiation. :transparentConcerning solar radiation, clouds are ________. : reflect, coolConcerning terrestrial radiation, clouds are ________. :reflect, heatEarly in January the Earth is closer to the Sun than at any other time of year. This position is termed: perihelionThe atmosphere is nearly ________ to terrestrial radiation that has a wavelength between 8 and 11 micrometers: transparentThe absorption of terrestrial radiation by certain gases in the lower atmosphere is called the: GreenhousesWhich of the following gases is the best absorber of ultraviolet light? O3Chapter 3 QuestionsIf the maximum temperature on a particular day
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