My friend and I completed this entire study guide which took forever A few of the questions are still blank because we don t feel there is enough information to complete them but all the other questions are complete and we are confident in their validity Good luck Chapter 1 Questions Which of the following outlines the steps of the scientific method in the correct order 1 Collecting facts through observation 2 Develop a hypothesis 3 Development of experiments 4 Acceptance modification rejection of hypothesis Dust in the atmosphere is NOT associated with which of the following Dust IS associated with reflection of solar energy optical phenomena such as a red sky at sunset and condensation and cloud formation On the average for every 1 km increase in altitude in the troposphere the air temperature 6 5 degrees Celsius The most important source of the free oxygen in our atmosphere is Photosynthesis The vertical temperature structure of the troposphere is described by The environmental lapse rate Water vapor represents what fraction of the air near the Earth s surface 4 The troposphere is most likely to be thickest In the tropics The level of the atmosphere with the highest temperatures is the thermosphere Which of the following spheres is composed exclusively of water hydrosphere The ozonelayer is found in the stratosphere The summit of Mt Everest 8 85 km is found in the troposphere Radiosondes have been used regularly since late 1920s Which of the following is NOT true of radiosondes This IS true They are carried by balloons have radio transmitters 2x a day measure temp pressure humidity measure lower parts of the atmosphere The formation of fossil fuels begins when Organisms are entrained in the ground for a very long time Air may best be described as a mixture of gases with tiny solid and liquid particles Which one of the following is the MOST abundant gas in the atmosphere Nitrogen Which two gases make up a combined total of 99 of clean dry air in the homosphere Nitrogen and oxygen This variable atmospheric component can exist in all three states of matter solid liquid and gas at the temperatures and pressures that normally exist on Earth Water vapor This atmospheric component absorbs damaging ultraviolet radiation from the Sun Ozone Ninety percent of our atmosphere lies below an altitude of about 16km or 10 miles With an increase in altitude air pressure Decreases Atmospheric pressure is caused by the weight of air molecules above it As elevation increases fewer air molecules are present Which of the following is the MOST important atmospheric component with regard to the Earth s climate Blank The four thermal layers of the atmosphere in order beginning from the surface are 1 Troposphere 2 Stratosphere 3 Mesosphere 4 Thermosphere Ozone is concentrated in the Stratosphere The heterosphere and ionosphere are BOTH found in the thermosphere A primary difference between the concepts of weather and climate is the weather specific time and place climate general trends Which of these was NOT involved with the formation and evolution of our present atmosphere Gases that were include mainly Nitrogen Oxygen Helium Hydrogen The normal lapse rate applies to the troposphere for every 1km up the temp increases 6 5 degrees Celsius This country has the greatest variety of weather in the world U S The majority of the water outside of the oceans is in the form of Water vapor Which one of the following gases has the greatest effect on weather Water vapor Ozone An unstable poisonous allotrope of oxygen having the chemical formula O3 Ozone forms in the atmosphere through the process of photolysis when ultraviolet radiation from the Sun strikes oxygen molecules O2 causing them to split apart Chapter 2 Questions Suppose the albedo of a planet is measured to be 40 percent This means that 40 of incoming light is reflected back During natural processes heat transfer is always from high temperature to low temperature During the Earth s orbit around the Sun the inclination tilt of the Earth s axis Causes seasons and is tilted 23 degrees N S Low sun angles result in reduced solar energy because it s spread thinly Which of the following correctly describes the equinoxes Autumnal North hemisphere when Sun s rays hit the equator Vernal occur midway between solstices Flagstaff AZ is at 35 degrees N latitude What is the angle of the Sun s noon rays here on March 21 I m not positive but I think it is 0 At 45 degrees S latitude the angle of the noon Sun is lowest and the length of daylight is shortest on June 21 22 summer solstice Which of the following associations is INCORRECT What associations The energy associated with motion is called kinetic Heat is the transfer of energy in or out of an object because temperature differences between objects surroundings The longest wavelengths on the electromagnetic spectrum are radio waves The wavelengths emitted by the Earth are long wave infrared On the average how much of the Sun s energy that is intercepted by the Earth system is reflected to space 30 The length of daylight gets progressively longer going south from the equator on winter solstice December 21 22 The spring equinox in the Northern Hemisphere starts on March 21 22 The 90 degrees angle rays strike the Tropic of Cancer on Summer Solstice June 21 22 New York City has its greatest length of daylight on June 21 The Earth receives energy from the Sun by radiation The process of involves the movement of a mass or substance convection Wind is an example of advection Thermals and advection are both types of convection The transfer of heat through matter by molecular collisions is called conduction Scattering produces a larger amount of weather waves going in all directions During reflection light bounces back at the same angle and intensity Earth s perihelion is when Earth is closest to the sun on January 3 At what time of year is the Earth s axis not tilted either toward or away from the Sun Trick question It always is The longest day of the year in the United States occurs on June 21 22 The surface with the HIGHEST albedo is fresh snow and thick clouds Wavelengths of the visible spectrum are between 400 and 700nm The type of energy that is responsible for sunburn is ultraviolet radiation Objects with higher temperatures will become cooler with heat transfer The Earth emits terrestrial radiation in longwaves If an imbalance occurs between incoming and outgoing energy at the Earth s surface at a higher altitude
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