1 Which of the following is not an example of a permanent gas in Earth s atmosphere Nitrogen Water vapor is a variable gas not a permanent gas meaning that its concentrations are more variable than the others Oxygen Argon 2 Match the phase change with its correct name Sublimation solid to gas Evaporation liquid water to gas water vapor Condensation gas water vapor to liquid Melting solid to liquid Deposition gas to solid 3 When and where does pressure decrease with height If we think of atmospheric pressure as the weight of the air above us per unit area then we can see that pressure always decreases with height no matter where in the atmosphere 4 What do we call a profile in which temperature increases with height When temperature increases with height it is called a temperature inversion i Example the surface 0 km temperature is 20 C and the temperature at 1 km is 23 C 5 If temperature is increasing with height what is true about the lapse rate In the case of a temperature inversion the lapse rate is negative refer to previous question Alternatively the lapse rate is positive when temperature decreases with height 6 Which of the following is true about cold air compared to warm air It has more average kinetic energy per molecule Its absorption spectrum is shifted to higher wavelengths It occupies a larger volume Its individual molecules move more slowly because the more heat that is applied to molecules the quicker they move 7 Water has a higher specific heat than sand What does this say about water Specific heat is defined as the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance one degree Celsius Water has a higher specific heat than sand because it takes more heat energy to raise the temperature of water than it takes to raise the temperature of sand This helps explain why on a hot summer day the sand is much hotter than the water 8 Mark whether the phase change is a warming or cooling process Sublimation cooling Condensation warming Freezing warming Evaporation cooling In a phase change which heat is responsible for the environmental warming or cooling Latent heat is the heat energy required to change a substance from one state to another For some phase changes this energy comes from the environment but in others the substance releases it to the environment 9 10 Which is true about a warm object compared to a cold object Emits more radiation with a shorter wavelength of peak emission because the warmer an object the more radiation it emits and the shorter its wavelength of maximum radiation emission Emits more radiation with a longer wavelength of peak emission Emits less radiation with a shorter wavelength of peak emission Emits less radiation with a longer wavelength of peak emission 11 What is not a way in which an object can react with incident radiation Absorption Induction Reflection Transmission 12 How do greenhouse gases affect Earth s radiative equilibrium temperature They raise it by absorbing and re emitting infrared radiation back to Earth 13 What Northern Hemisphere seasons occur closest and farthest from the Sun Earth is closest to the sun in early January perihelion and farthest from the sun in early July aphelion 14 Match the day with the latitude over which the Sun is directly overhead NH Summer solstice Tropic of Cancer 23 5 N NH Autumnal equinox Equator 0 NH Winter solstice Tropic of Capricorn 23 5 S NH Vernal equinox Equator 0 15 We live in Tallahassee at about 30 degrees north latitude Which direction do we have to look to find the Sun all year round South because we are above the equator and both of the Tropics 16 Barring anything unusual occurring when is the warmest part of the day Each day locations receive their most intense sunlight around noon but the maximum daily temperature is typically in the mid late afternoon 17 What would raise the maximum daily temperature While cloud cover wind and humidity cause maximum temperatures to be lower the lack of any of those factors would raise the maximum daily temperature i e lack of cloud cover low humidity no wind 18 What best describes the typical vertical temperature profile late at night The amount of energy emitted by the earth exceeds the amount of incoming solar radiation and the temperatures at the earth s surface begin to cool Since the atmosphere is a poor conductor of heat the ground cools faster than the atmosphere Therefore temperature increases with height at night temperature inversion 19 Which of the following is not an ideal condition for a relatively cool night Long nights allow more time for radiational cooling which will decrease the minimum daily temperature Low humidity prevents fog and or dew from forming as easily preventing the release of latent heat of condensation Clear skies allow radiation emitted from the earth s surface to go straight back into space whereas clouds would absorb the radiation and re emit some of it back to the surface warming it Wind is the answer because it acts to mix the cold near surface air with the warmer air above it 20 Match the humidity with the correct ratio Relative humidity ratio of water vapor content to water vapor capacity Mixing ratio ratio of water vapor mass to dry air mass Absolute humidity ratio of water vapor mass to volume of air parcel Specific humidity ratio of water vapor mass to total air parcel mass 21 In what way does wind effect saturation Wind enhances evaporation by removing water vapor molecules from the air above a water source which makes saturation more difficult 22 How does actual vapor pressure change with increasing temperature Cold air is more easily saturated than warm air because fewer water vapor molecules have the speed to remain vapor in cold air 23 How does relative humidity change from the equator to the poles 24 What are the two ways in which relative humidity can be raised Increase water vapor content and decrease temperature 25 Which is the most common way to change relative humidity It is easier to change the temperature of a parcel 26 What is the wet bulb temperature Wet bulb temperature is the lowest temperature to which air can be cooled by evaporating water into it 27 How is the weight of dry air related to the weight of humid air all else the same Humid air is lighter than the same volume of dry air 28 The diurnal variation in visibility caused by haze is best described as 29 Why does dew typically only form on or near the surface overnight The lowest temperatures are near the
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