MET1010 Final Monday, 4/23/12Ch. 51. Dew is most likely to form on- grass, or objects which have radiated enough heat to lower their temperature below the dew point of the surrounding area2. All of the following are necessary ingredients for cloud formation EXCEPT: a. Clouds form when water vapor condenses in the atmosphere through adiabatic cooling, there must also be saturation, and a surface for dew to form3. Hygroscopic nuclei: quickly absorb moisture, and are most effective for condensation4. A cloud that forms liquid droplets has a relative humidity of 100 percent with respect to the liquid droplets. If ice crystals form in this cloud, they will experience the cloud environment as having a relative humidity of 110%5. It is raining on only one side of your street. The cloud above you is : a low cloud Nimbostratus/stratus. Likely stratus, bc nimbostratus is heavier6. Which of these is a mid-level cloud? Altocumulus, Altostratus7. High clouds are those that form at altitudes of at least: Above 6000 meters/ 20, 000 feet: Cirrus, Cirrostratus, Cirrocumulus8. You observe a cloud at an altitude of 3000 m. This cloud name would have the prefix: (Middle) Alto (2000-6000M)9. Where are lenticular clouds most likely to form? Rugged mountains, mostly on the “lee” side10. Which association is correct? 11. The most common way for air to be cooled in order that a cloud may form is by: adiabatic cooling12. The important difference between liquid droplets and ice crystals in a supercooled cloud is that ice crystals : grow larger in a supercooled cloud at the expense of the remaining liquid, and fall as precipitation once they reach a sufficient size13. The conditions that persist along the West Coast of the U.S. that are conducive to fog formation are : Warm moist air from the pacific moves over the cold, California current, airis then carried onshore by Westerly winds or sea-breeze14. The process by which a cloud droplet first forms is the Bergeron Process15. What is the basic reason why condensation is not very important in causing a cloud droplet to grow to raindrop size? Immense size difference16. Clouds are classified and named according to their altitude and form/family17. The raindrops that fall to Earth from a warm cloud contain about one million times the water in a typical cloud droplet. This growth from cloud droplet to raindrop occursMET1010 Final Study Guide Chapters 5-16MET1010 Final Monday, 4/23/12mainly because of coalescence process, where droplets adhere to one another as they fall and increase in size18. Clouds, dew and frost all form because air has become saturated. This condition of saturation is usually caused by air cooling to its dew point, or when enough water vapor is added to the atmosphere19. When warm moist air moves over a cold surface, advection fog may result. 20. Which type of fog occurs during nights when skies are clear and relative humidity is high? a. Radiation fog21. The type of fog produced when cold air moves over a warm, moist surface is called: steam fog22. Thunder and lightning are associated with the _Cumulonimbus_ cloud. 23. A halo around the Sun or the Moon indicates the cloud _cirrostratus is present. 24. Salt, dust particles, silver iodide, and combustion by-products are all examples of: hygroscopic nuclei-(water-seeking) most effective for condensation25. Advection fogs form best when there is no wind. False, it requires strong windsCh 626. A steep pressure gradient: (like a steep hill) causes greater acceleration of a parcel of air than does a weak pressure gradient (a gentle hill)27. Hydrostatic equilibrium is best defined as: where the upward pressure gradient force is balanced by the downward force of gravity28. If the Earth were not rotating: it would fall out of orbit29. If the Earth were not rotating, a rocket would travel straight to its target, compared to the way it veers slightly with rotation30. Meteorologists convert all atmospheric pressure data to the equivalent sea-level air pressure in order to: compare pressure readings from various weather stations, compensation must be made for elevation31. The Coriolis effect influences the wind by changing the direction to the right in the Northern Hemisphere, and to the left in the southern hemisphere32. The Coriolis effect is important only for motions that are free moving?33. The Coriolis effect occurs because of this characteristic of the Earth: rotating34. The addition of water vapor will cause the density of air to: water vapor REDUCES density of air35. The best explanation for the cause of atmospheric pressure is: Amospheric pressure isMET1010 Final Monday, 4/23/12caused by the weight of air molecules above it. As elevation increases, fewer air moleculesare present. Therefore, atmospheric pressure always decreases with increasing height. Rising air expands and cools adiabatically. At the lifting condensation level, the parcel has cooled to its dew point, and further ascent causes condensation36. The effect of friction on the wind alters its rate of acceleration; causes the wind to accelerate; it affects airflow. It doesn’t affect it much aloft, but on surface areas, it causes greater acceleration37. The force that generates wind is: variations in air pressure from place to place38. The geostrophic wind concept is most like the real atmospheric winds: geostrophic winds are idealized “turned by earth” are parallel to isobars; in the “real” atmosphere, winds are never purely geostrophic; it only approximates the actual behavior of airflow aloft39. The overall strength of a circulation system is determined by: ???40. The pressure gradient force is directed from higher to lower pressure: and at right angles to the isobars (spacing of isobars and windspeed: close=steep, spaced=weak)41. The primary force which causes ALL winds is: variations in air pressure from place to palce42. The term pressure gradient refers to: the acceleration of air due to pressure difference 43. What do isobars represent on a map? Patterns of pressure, connecting areas where air pressure is the same44. When density remains constant and the temperature is lowered, the pressure of a confined gas (i.e. in a sealed tank) will: increase, cold dense air has more pressure than warm dense air45. Why do surface winds cross the isobars at an angle toward lower pressure (instead of blowing parallel to the isobars)? Gradient winds; pressure gradient and coriolis force are not balanced, the imbalance
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