Chapter 9A wind shift in a counterclockwise direction, from E to N, is a backing wind shift. A wind shift in a clockwise direction, from S to W, is a veering wind shift. A warm front approaches, progression of clouds your most likely to see? cirrus, altostratus, stratus, nimbostratusTornadoes are associated with which type of front? A cold front moving into moist air A trough aloft is associated with: lows @ the surface A warm front is said to exist when: advancing warm air overrides retreating cold air The lifting of air, cloud formation results, and rain is more gentle (gradual) for a: warm frontThe violent nature of weather by a cold front is because: Steep slope, fast forward motion of frontWhy is the number and intensity of wave cyclones greatest during fall, winter and spring months? Temperatures are below freezingWhich best describes the reason high pressure systems bring clear skies? sinking air aloftWhich is common to both cold and warm fronts? lifting of warm air over coldCompared to other types of fronts, the weather associated with a cold front: is more violent but of shorter durationChapter 10About how many thunderstorms take place on Earth every day? 1800-2000Which U.S. state experiences the most thunderstorms each year? FLWhich of the following should have the steepest pressure gradient? tornadoWhich of the following is likely during the mature stage of a thunderstorm? LightningWhich type of lightning is least likely? Cloud to cloud lightningThunderstorms form when warm, humid air rises in an unstable environment.The most dangerous weather is produced by a thunderstorm called a: supercellBecause of the tremendous pressure gradient associated with a strong tornado, maximum winds approach 300 MPHSquall lines are relatively narrow, elongated bands of thunderstorms that develop in the warm sector of a middle-latitude cyclone. Over the last 20 years, which has caused the FEWEST weather related deaths? hurricanesWhat causes the dissipating stage of a thunderstorm? spreading downdraft cuts off air inflowWhy do tornadoes in the central U.S. occur during spring months? air-mass contrasts are greatestWhy is strong heating of the ground associated with thunderstorms? leads to greater instabilityConventional radar measures: rainfall intensityWhy is very humid air near the surface necessary for severe thunderstorms? More latent heat energy available as stormAn air mass thunderstorm is most intense during the mature stage The approximate lifetime of a thunderstorm cell is about 20-30 minutesIn which places are thunderstorms most common? Southern MississippiTornadoes are most frequent during the: late spring and early summer Tornadoes most often move toward what direction? NEAt what time of day is an air-mass thunderstorm likely to develop? Mid- afternoon"Heat lightning": occurs more than 20 kilometers from observerDowndrafts totally dominate the dissipating stage in the development of a thunderstorm. This type of cloud brings thunderstorms: Cumunolimbus cloudsIf you see lightning and then hear thunder 10 seconds later, the lightning was 3300 meters or 2.05 miles away. Chapter 11The deadliest hurricane happened in Texas. How many deaths occurred? 8,000-10,000A hurricane must have sustained wind speeds of at least: 65 knots, 74 mphWhat’re hurricanes known as when in the western Pacific? TyphoonsWhat are hurricanes known as in the Indian Ocean? CyclonesAt what stage do hurricanes receive an official name? 35-65 knots Tropical storm When alphabetical hurricane names are exhausted in a season, they resort to? Greek alphabetWhen a cyclone's winds don’t exceed 37mph it’s called a: Tropical DepressionWhat is the single greatest tool used for observing tropical cyclones? Satellite ImageryAn announcement aimed at specific coastal areas that a hurricane poses a possible threat generally within 36 hours is called a: hurricane warning What category of the Saffir-Simpson is the strongest? 5The very center of a hurricane is called the: eyeHurricanes develop in late summer when ocean waters have reached: 27 ºC = 80.6 ºFWhy don't hurricanes develop on/near the equator? No coriolis effectSince detection and tracking of hurricanes are now quite accurate, why does damage from these storms continue to increase? continued development of coastal areasThe initial detection of tropical storms that may be hurricanes is accomplished by satellites Why do surface wind speeds increase toward the center of a hurricane? conservation of angular momentumWhy do hurricanes in the Atlantic move toward the west during their early stages? Compared to the North Atlantic, hurricanes form in the South Atlantic: rarelyWhat is the approximate diameter of a mature hurricane? Prevailing winds from the eastWhy do hurricanes initially form only in the tropics? warm water tempsWhich is the primary source of energy that fuels a hurricane and keeps it growing? Moist Warmth--warm water causes humid air above itAn easterly wave is the primary cause of hurricane development What determines when a tropical depression or storm is given hurricane status? Wind speedWhy is the eye region of a hurricane largely free of precipitation and clouds? Subsiding airWhat causes the winds of a hurricane to be so fast? Strong pressure gradientWhat part of a hurricane produces fastest wind speeds and greatest storm surge? Vertical WallA hurricane moves onto land, it declines in intensity because: Friction. Lack of warm moist airWhat % of hurricanes that make landfall produce at least 1 tornado? Less than 1%Which time span should hurricane formation in the North Atlantic peak? August-SeptemberThe Saffir-Simpson scale is used to establish categories of hurricane intensity.The eye wall of a hurricane: where most damaging winds and intense rainfall is foundWhat’s the order of storm intensity in terms of increasing wind speed? tropical depression, tropical storm, hurricane The most important tool for detecting and monitoring hurricanes is Doppler radar A GPS dropwindsonde is used for: determined vertical pressure, temperature, humidity over an areaIf a hurricane warning is issued, you can expect: heavy rainfall and strong windsChapter 16Secondary rainbows result from: light refracted 2x within a raindropWhen sunlight interacts w/ a raindrop to produce a rainbow, how many refractiveevents occur for each drop? Onethe speed of light in water is Fastest for red lightRainbows are always seen with the sun: behind the observer The
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