Cohesion Adhesion High specific heat amount of heat needed before something Surface tension Final Bio Review Lecture 1 Chapter 1 o Nothing specific o Skip Chapter 1 Chemistry in Water Chapter 2 3 o Election shells orbitals valence o Polarity shape o Bonds Covalent Ionic Electronegativity Hydrogen bonds because of electronegativity o Chemical Reactions Reactivity Valence Making Breaking bonds Reversible Equilibrium o Properties of Water Hydrogen Bonding begins to change to gas High heat of vaporization o Evaporative cooling pH Acids Bases o Carbon The backbone of organic molecules Diversity Shape Isomers o Structural o Geometric o Enantiomers o Functional Groups Macromolecules Chapter 5 o Monomers Polymers Dehydration Synthesis Hydrolysis Carbohydrates Sugars Monosaccharides Polysaccharides Glycosidic linkages Alpha v Beta Lipids Triglycerides Glycerol Fatty Acids Phospholipids o Why are they good for making membrane Steroids o Primary secondary tertiary quarternary Proteins Amino acids polypeptides Peptide bond Levels of structure Denaturation Nucleic acids Nucleotides polynucleotides Purines pyrimidines DNA RNA Deoxyribose ribose Cell Structure and Function Chapter 6 o Endomembrane System Components o Organelles Smooth ER nucleus ect Chloroplast mitochondria peroxisome not endomembrane o Cytoskeletal components Microtubulues Tubulin Micofilaments Actin Intermediate filaments Keratin o Extracellular matrix o Cell junctions Tight junctions Desmosomes staple cell together o Gap junctions exchange cytoplasm connect cells Plasmodesmata Cell Membranes Chapter 7 o Fluid mosaic model Phospholipid bilayer Saturation Cholesterol o Osmosis Diffusion Semipermeable Hypertonic Hypotonic Gradients o Transport Passive Transport Active Transport Bulk Transport Cell Signaling Chapter 11 o Stages of signaling o Receptors Gated ion channels G protein coupled receptors Receptor tyrosine kinases Nuclear receptors o Signal transduction cascades o Second Messengers Adenylyl cyclase makes amp cAMP IP3 DAG Calcium Cell Cycle Chapter 12 o Eukaryotic Cell Division Mitosis Division of nucleus Cytokinesis Division of cell G1 Checkpoint Ready to divide G2 Checkpoint DNA duplicated M Checkpoint Ready to split Checkpoint Regulation Cyclins Cyclin dependent kinase Molecule of Inheritance Chapter 16 o Transformation DNA transforms bacteria not protein o Watson Crick Model of DNA Double stranded helix Strands anti parallel Purine pyrimidine o Semi conservative DNA replication o Replication forks KNOW DIAGRAM Topoisomerase Helicase Primase DNA Pol III DNA Pol I Ligase Leading lagging what s the difference Genome Evolution Chapter 21 Don t have to know o Similar gene numbers different DNA Transcription Translation Chapter 17 Important o The central dogma o The triplet code Codons Degenerate o Transcription How it works RNA polymerase o mRNA processing Splicing intron exon Capping Tailing o Ribosome Function o The big picture this big diagram Gene Expression Chapter 18 o Operons lac operon inducible operon
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