BSCI105, Freshman Connection Fall 2012Major Points, Lecture 3 (Chapters 4 & 5)1. What element is the "backbone of life"?2. What two aspects of carbon's atomic structure make it a so useful? Why?3. Where does the carbon used in organic molecules come from?4. How do we classify (group) organic molecules?5. Changes in what two basic properties of organic molecules are the simplest way to increase variety?6. How does altering chemical bonds contribute to molecular diversity?7. What is an isomer of a molecule?8. What is a structural isomer?9. What is a geometric isomer?10. What is an enantomer?11. What do we call additional elements added organic molecules that increase diversity?12. What to these extra elements do?13. What is a hydroxyl group? What are its major effect on properties of a molecule?14. What is a carbonyl group? What are its major effect on properties of a molecule?15. What is a carboxyl group? What are its major effect on properties of a molecule?16. What is an amino group? What are its major effect on properties of a molecule?17. What is a sulfhydryl group? What are its major effect on properties of a molecule?18. What is a phosphate group? What are its major effect on properties of a molecule?19. What is a methyl group? What does it do?20. What is a "macromolecule"?21. Define "monomer" and "polymer."22. What reaction is often used to synthesize macromolecules? Describe how it works.23. What reaction is often used to break down macromolecules? Describe how it works.24. What are four major classes of organic macromolecules?25. What are carbohydrates? What are they used for?26. What is a monosaccharide? Give one significant example.27. What is a disaccharide? Give one example and define its components.28. What is a polysaccharide?29. Monosaccharides are recognizable by what two functional groups?30. How many carbons do typical sugar molecules have?31. Give an example of two sugars that are structural isomers and describe the difference between them.32. What type of linkage is used in disaccharides? How is it formed?33. Why do cells make disaccharides?34. What is a polysaccharide?35. What are two major use of polysaccharides in cells?36. What are two kinds of energy storage polysaccharides made in plants? How do they differ?37. What is the major energy storage polysaccharide in animals? How does it differ from the plant macromolecule?38. What is the major structural polysaccharide made by plants?39. What are beta-glycosidic linkages? How do they contribute to the structure and stability of polysac-charide fibers?40. What is an example of a structural polysaccharide made by animals? What makes it
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