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BSCI105, Freshman Connection Fall 2012Major Points, Lecture 5 (Chapter 6)organelle= large structure in cell, doesnt have to have membrane1. What is the fundamental unit of all living organisms?cells2. What are two groups of organisms based on cell structure?prokaryotes and eukaryotes3. What defines a cell?limiting membrane (plasma), and can grow and divide4. What are common features to ALL cells?lipid bilayer (plasma membrane)cytoplasm (cytosol)DNA based chromosomes => makes cell grow and divideRNARibosomes=> make protein5. What kinds of organisms are included in the prokaryotes?5. What are some important features of prokaryotic cells?no nucleus, lack of internal membranesflagellacell wall/capsuleplasma membranecytosol=cytoplasmnucleotide=> holds DNA, kind of like a nucleus but not6. What kinds of organisms are considered eukaryotes?7. What is traditionally considered the defining feature of eukaryotic cells?8. nucleus8. What are some important features of eukaryotic cells?flagella/ciliaplasma membranecell wallcytosol**endomembrane system**cytoskeleton9. Describe the structure of the nucleus?double membrane= nuclear envelopehas a lot of holes10. How do large molecules move in and out of the nucleus?through the large protein complexes=> nuclear poresproteins can selectively bring things innot everything can get inVERY SELECTIVE TRAFFICKING 11. What structure supports the nucleus?nuclear lamina=> internal array of structural proteins also anchor nuclear porescan move aroundaka the skeleton of the nucleus12. What is a prominent structure visible inside the nucleus?Chromosomes13. What is the importance of this structure?it holds the DNA of the cell14. What is "chromatin"?DNA wrapped in protein15. What are ribosomes? What are they made of? What do they do?organelle; non membranousmix of RNA (rRNA) and prteinsmanufactures all proteins16. What is the "endomembrane system"?“inside membrane”system of membranes inside cells17. What organelles are considered parts of the endomembrane system?nuclear envelopeendoplasmic reticulumgolgivesicles, vacuoles, and endosomes 18. Describe the location and structure of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).continuous with nuclear envelopetubes and flat sheets of membraneswith large surface area19. What term describes the inside space of the ER?Lumen20. What is the function of SMOOTH ER?lipid synthesismetabolic reactionscalcium sequestration (stored). calcium is a good signal MAKE MORE MEMBRANE21. What is the function of ROUGH ER (RER)?has attached ribosomessynthesis of secretory glycoproteins, intramembrane proteins, and phospholipidsbulk assembly of new membranes22. How does rough ER differ from smooth ER in structure?has attached ribosomes23. Where is the Golgi located?located btw ER and plasma membrane24. What does the golgi look like?stack of membranes25. How is the golgi linked to other membranes?26. What is the "cis" face of the Golgi?receiving side of golgiclosest to ER27. What is the "trans" face of the Golgi?shipping side of golgi28. What does the Golgi do?receive and release vesicles distribution center of cellmodifies molecules thenadds tags for everything direct final destination in the cellsynthesize polysaccharides such as pectin29. What is a vesicle? What do vesicles do?small compartmentstransporting btw organellesmove stuff around30. What is an endosome? How do endosomes differ from vesicles? What do they do?larger, specialized vacuolescontain enzymes; process molecules31. What is a lysosome? What does it do?acidic endosomal compartmentscontain hydrolytic enzymesdigest molecules and other organelleslyso=burst, destroy....bad32. What is a vacuole? What does it do?large membranous complartments-central vacuole (plant cells)---separate compartment from cytoplasm---store molecules, including water33. What is the function of the mitochondria?site of cellular respirationthe “powerhouse” of the eukaryotic cell34. Why are mitochondria not considered part of the endomembrane system?it is autonomous in the cell35. Describe the structure of a mitochondrion.two membranes-an outer membrane-highly folded inner membranematric-space (lumen) btw membranes 36. What kinds of organisms have mitochondria?animals36. What is the function of the chloroplast?conversion of light energy to chemical energySTORE energymakes carbohydrates37. Describe the structure of a chloroplast?double (inner and outer) membranes-inner membrane system38. What kinds of organisms have chloroplasts?plants39. What is another example of a membrane bound organelle that is not part of the endomembrane system?peroxisomes 40. What does it do?deiate oxidative breakdown of moleculesenzymes remove hydrogen from molecules-make hydrogen peroxide-degraded by other enzymesnucleus is part of the endomembrane


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UMD BSCI 105 - Chapter 6

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