Chapter 2 Nutrition Tools Standards and Guidelines Nutrient Recommendations Dietary Reference Intakes DRI provides nutrient intake goals for individuals supply a set of standards for researchers and public policymakers establishes tolerable upper limits for nutrients that can be toxic in excess and take into account evidence from research on disease prevention Consists of 4 groups RDA AI UL EAR Daily Values nutrient standards that are printed on food labels and on grocery store and restaurant signs based off a 2 000 calorie diet Estimated Average Requirements EAR the average daily nutrient intake estimated to meet the requirement of half of the healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group used in nutrition research and policymaking Recommended Dietary Allowances RDA nutrient intake goals for individuals the average daily nutrient intake level that meets the needs of nearly all healthy people in a particular life stage and gender group based on solid experimental evidence and reliable observations Adequate Intakes AI nutrient intake goals for individuals the recommended average daily nutrient intake level based on intakes of healthy people in a particular life stage and gender group based as far as possible on the available scientific evidence and educated guesswork Tolerable Upper Intake Levels UL the highest average daily nutrient intake level that is likely to pose no risk of toxicity to almost all healthy individuals of a particular life stage and gender group Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges AMDR values for carbohydrates fat and protein expressed as percentages of total daily calorie intake Balance study a laboratory study in which a person is fed a controlled diet and the intake and excretion of a nutrient are measured Requirement the amount of a nutrient that will just prevent the development of specific deficiency signs Estimated Energy Requirement EER the average dietary energy intake predicted to maintain energy balance in a healthy adult of a certain age gender weight height and level of physical activity consistent with good health Dietary Guidelines for Americans Dietary guidelines reflect on Balancing calories to manage weight foods and food components to reduce foods and nutrients to increase and building healthy eating patterns Healthy Eating Index HEI a measure that assesses how well a diet meets the recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans DGFA suggests eating more fruit vegetables seafood whole grains and fat free low fat milk products and wants to reduce refined grains solid fats added sugars and salt Diet Planning with the USDA Food Patterns Food group plan a diet planning tool that sorts foods into groups based on their nutrient content and then specifies that people should eat certain minimum numbers of servings of foods from each group Exchange system a diet planning tool that organizes foods with respect to their nutrient content and calories Solid fats fats that are usually not liquid at room temperature and that contain saturated or trans fats
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