9 5 11 Chapter 1 Food Choices and Human Health A lifetime of nourishment o The nutrients water carbs fat protein vitamins and minerals in food support growth maintenance and repair of the body o Deficiencies excesses and imbalances of energy and nutrients bring on the diseases of malnutrition o The diet and health connection Nutrition profoundly affect health In top ten causes of death in US the top 3 heart disease cancer strokes and the 7th diabetes are related to nutrition o Genetics and individuality syndrome hemophilia Some diseases are purely genetic sickle cell anemia and some may be inherited down Choice of diet influences long term health within the range set by genetic inheritance o Other Lifestyle choices staying physically active or sing tobacco alcohol can also affect health for the better or worse Healthy People 2010 Nutrition objectives for the nation o US department of health and human services sets 10 year health objectives to reduce disease risks for the nation o Rates of foodborne infections and many cancers has declined but the numbers of overweight people and people with diabetes is rising The human body and its food o Meet the nutrients Carbs fats proteins and vitamins are organic contain carbon Water The energy yielding nutrients macronutrients Carbs fats protein also provides materials for body structures Body can use the energy they contain and they are needed in large amounts Regular nutrients micronutrients Vitamins and minerals Provide no energy some serve as parts of structures and others assist with body processes The concept of essential nutrients If not injested then you will develop deficiencies because the body cannot make it for itself Water some carbs lipids and proteins all vitamins and minerals o Can I live on just supplements Elemental diets Diets composed of purified ingredients of known chemical composition Intended to supply all essential nutrients to people who cannot eat foods A diet of real food is better than just supplements Food conveys emotional satisfaction and hormonal stimuli that contribute to health Foods have phytochemicals o Give them their tastes aromas colors and other characteristics o Some may be bioactice food components that interact with metabolic processes in the body and may affect disease risks The challenge of choosing foods o The abundance of foods to choose from Whole form basis of a nutritious diet milk meats fish vegetables beans fruits and Enriched fortified nutrients have been added could lead to more nutritious or less grains nutritious if base is sugar fat Fast made within minutes and hard to tell whether they are healthy Functional whole or modified foods that provide health benefits like reduced disease risks Other terms Medical manufactured for use by people with medical disorders Natural no legal definition but used to imply wholesomeness Nutracutical no legal definition but used to sell foods that have medicinal effects Organic grown without pesticides or fertilizers Processed undergoes any process may or my not be nutritious Staple foods eaten frequently or daily o How exactly can I recognize a nutritious diet Adequecy foods provide enough of each essential nutrient Balance the choices do not overemphasize one nutrient or food type at the expense of Calorie control the foods provide the amount of energy that matches energy expended Moderation the foods do not provide excess fat salt sugar or other unwanted another in activity constituents Variety foods chosen differ from one day to the next o Why people choose foods Cultural and social meanings attached to food Trying different cusines foodways and ethnic foods can be celebratory for your own heritage or someone else s and also symbolic acceptance of other people s views Vegetarians honor lives of animals or they enjoy the health benefits Factors that drive food choices Advertising availability cost emotional comfort habit preference positive negative associations region you live social pressure values beliefs weight nutrition health benefits Weight nutrition health benefits and also where are most common factors o The process of change precontemplation contemplation preparation action maintenance o Assessments and goals recognizing problem seeing how to change it and then making a goal A guide to behavior change moving on to reach in order to change it o Obstacles to change Competence person lacks knowledge or skill to make change Confidence Person possesses knowledge but believe that needed change is beyond the scope of his or her ability Needs to establish self efficacy belief in one s ability and locus of control belief that the individual has control over life s events Motivation person has both competence and confidence but lacks sufficient reason to change
View Full Document
Unlocking...