Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.)Chapter 15 The Chromosomal Basis of InheritanceMost new questions in this chapter are at the Application/Analysis and Synthesis/Evaluation levels. Additional new questions test student knowledge of new material in the chapter. In addition, the chapter has been reorganized to place questions based on scenarios or figures at the end.Multiple-Choice Questions1) When Thomas Hunt Morgan crossed his red-eyed F1 generation flies to each other, the F2 generation included both red- and white-eyed flies. Remarkably, all the white-eyed flies were male. What was the explanation for this result?A) The gene involved is on the Y chromosome.B) The gene involved is on the X chromosome.C) The gene involved is on an autosome, but only in males.D) Other male-specific factors influence eye color in flies.E) Other female-specific factors influence eye color in flies.Answer: BTopic: Concept 15.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension2) Sturtevant provided genetic evidence for the existence of four pairs of chromosomes in Drosophila in which of these ways?A) There are four major functional classes of genes in Drosophila.B) Drosophila genes cluster into four distinct groups of linked genes.C) The overall number of genes in Drosophila is a multiple of four.D) The entire Drosophila genome has approximately 400 map units.E) Drosophila genes have, on average, four different alleles.Answer: BTopic: Concept 15.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension3) Which of the following is the meaning of the chromosome theory of inheritance as expressed in the early 20th century?A) Individuals inherit particular chromosomes attached to genes.B) Mendelian genes are at specific loci on the chromosome and in turn segregate during meiosis.C) Homologous chromosomes give rise to some genes and crossover chromosomes to other genes.D) No more than a single pair of chromosomes can be found in a healthy normal cell.E) Natural selection acts on certain chromosome arrays rather than on genes.Answer: BTopic: Concept 15.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension1Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.4) Thomas Hunt Morgan's choice of Drosophila melanogaster has been proven to be useful even today. Which of the following has/have continued to make it a most useful species?I. its four pairs of chromosomesII. a very large number of visible as well as biochemically mutant phenotypesIII. easy and inexpensive maintenanceIV. short generation time and large number of offspringA) I and IV onlyB) II and III onlyC) I, II, and III onlyD) II, III, and IV onlyE) I, II, III, IV, and VAnswer: ETopic: Concept 15.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension5) A woman is found to have 47 chromosomes, including three X chromosomes. Which of the following describes her expected phenotype?A) masculine characteristics such as facial hairB) enlarged genital structuresC) excessive emotional instabilityD) normal femaleE) sterile femaleAnswer: DTopic: Concept 15.2Skill: Application/Analysis6) Males are more often affected by sex-linked traits than females becauseA) male hormones such as testosterone often alter the effects of mutations on the X chromosome.B) female hormones such as estrogen often compensate for the effects of mutations on the X chromosome.C) X chromosomes in males generally have more mutations than X chromosomes in females.D) males are hemizygous for the X chromosome.E) mutations on the Y chromosome often worsen the effects of X-linked mutations.Answer: DTopic: Concept 15.2Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension7) SRY is best described in which of the following ways?A) a gene present on the X chromosome that triggers female developmentB) an autosomal gene that is required for the expression of genes on the Y chromosomeC) a gene region present on the Y chromosome that triggers male developmentD) an autosomal gene that is required for the expression of genes on the X chromosomeE) a gene required for development, and males or females lacking the gene do not survive past early childhoodAnswer: CTopic: Concept 15.2Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension2Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.8) In cats, black fur color is caused by an X-linked allele; the other allele at this locus causes orange color. The heterozygote is tortoiseshell. What kinds of offspring would you expect from the cross of a black female and an orange male?A) tortoiseshell females; tortoiseshell malesB) black females; orange malesC) orange females; orange malesD) tortoiseshell females; black malesE) orange females; black malesAnswer: DTopic: Concept 15.2Skill: Application/Analysis9) Red-green color blindness is a sex-linked recessive trait in humans. Two people with normal color vision have a color-blind son. What are the genotypes of the parents?A) XcXc and XcYB) XcXc and XCYC) XCXC and XcYD) XCXC and XCYE) XCXc and XCYAnswer: ETopic: Concept 15.2Skill: Application/Analysis10) Cinnabar eyes is a sex-linked recessive characteristic in fruit flies. If a female having cinnabar eyes is crossed with a wild-type male, what percentage of the F1 males will have cinnabar eyes?A) 0%B) 25%C) 50%D) 75%E) 100%Answer: ETopic: Concept 15.2Skill: Application/Analysis11) Calico cats are female becauseA) the males die during embryonic development.B) a male inherits only one of the two X-linked genes controlling hair color.C) the Y chromosome has a gene blocking orange coloration.D) only females can have Barr bodies.E) multiple crossovers on the Y chromosome prevent orange pigment production.Answer: BTopic: Concept 15.2Skill: Application/Analysis3Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.12) In birds, sex is determined by a ZW chromosome scheme. Males are ZZ and females are ZW. A recessive lethal allele that causes death of the embryo is sometimes present on the Z chromosome in pigeons. What would be the sex ratio in the offspring of a cross between a male that is heterozygous for the lethal allele and a normal female?A) 2:1 male to femaleB) 1:2 male to femaleC) 1:1 male to femaleD) 4:3 male to femaleE) 3:1 male to femaleAnswer: ATopic: Concept 15.2Skill: Application/Analysis13) Sex determination in mammals is due to the SRY region of the Y chromosome. An abnormality of this region could allow which of the following to have a male phenotype?A) Turner syndrome, 45, XB) translocation of SRY to an autosome of a 46, XX individualC) a person with an extra X chromosomeD) a person with one normal and one shortened (deleted) XE) Down syndrome, 46, XXAnswer: BTopic: Concept