Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.)Chapter 14 Mendel and the Gene IdeaThe questions in Chapter 14 are mostly at the Application/Analysis skill level. The material in the chapter invites students to apply Mendel’s laws, and by doing so encourages problem solving. Because of the human-related Concept 14.4, a fair number of Synthesis/Evaluation questions are included as well. Very little of the chapter lends itself to Knowledge/Comprehension questions only. In addition, to help students make maximum use of information presented about one or more specific traits, a greater number of questions than usual is grouped together to explore brief scenarios or figures.Multiple-Choice Questions1) What do we mean when we use the terms monohybrid cross and dihybrid cross?A) A monohybrid cross involves a single parent, whereas a dihybrid cross involves two parents.B) A monohybrid cross produces a single progeny, whereas a dihybrid cross produces two progeny.C) A dihybrid cross involves organisms that are heterozygous for two characters and a monohybrid crossinvolves only one.D) A monohybrid cross is performed for one generation, whereas a dihybrid cross is performed for two generations.E) A monohybrid cross results in a 9:3:3:1 ratio whereas a dihybrid cross gives a 3:1 ratio.Answer: CTopic: Concept 14.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension2) Why did the F1 offspring of Mendel's classic pea cross always look like one of the two parental varieties?A) No genes interacted to produce the parental phenotype.B) Each allele affected phenotypic expression.C) The traits blended together during fertilization.D) One phenotype was completely dominant over another.E) Different genes interacted to produce the parental phenotype.Answer: DTopic: Concept 14.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension3) What was the most significant conclusion that Gregor Mendel drew from his experiments with pea plants?A) There is considerable genetic variation in garden peas.B) Traits are inherited in discrete units, and are not the results of "blending."C) Recessive genes occur more frequently in the F1 generation than do dominant ones.D) Genes are composed of DNA.E) An organism that is homozygous for many recessive traits is at a disadvantage.Answer: BTopic: Concept 14.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension1Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.2Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.4) How many unique gametes could be produced through independent assortment by an individual with the genotype AaBbCCDdEE?A) 4B) 8C) 16D) 32E) 64Answer: BTopic: Concept 14.1Skill: Application/Analysis5) The individual with genotype AaBbCCDdEE can make many kinds of gametes. Which of the following is the major reason?A) segregation of maternal and paternal allelesB) recurrent mutations forming new allelesC) crossing over during prophase ID) different possible alignments of chromosomesE) the tendency for dominant alleles to segregate togetherAnswer: DTopic: Concept 14.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension6) Why did Mendel continue some of his experiments to the F2 or F3 generation?A) to obtain a larger number of offspring on which to base statisticsB) to observe whether or not a recessive trait would reappearC) to observe whether or not the dominant trait would reappearD) to distinguish which alleles were segregatingE) to be able to describe the frequency of recombinationAnswer: BTopic: Concept 14.1Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation7) Which of the following differentiates between independent assortment and segregation?A) The law of independent assortment requires describing two or more genes relative to one another.B) The law of segregation requires describing two or more genes relative to one another.C) The law of segregation requires having two or more generations to describe.D) The law of independent assortment is accounted for by observations of prophase I.E) The law of segregation is accounted for by anaphase of mitosis.Answer: ATopic: Concept 14.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension3Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.8) Two plants are crossed, resulting in offspring with a 3:1 ratio for a particular trait. What does this suggest?A) that the parents were true-breeding for contrasting traitsB) that the trait shows incomplete dominanceC) that a blending of traits has occurredD) that the parents were both heterozygous for a single traitE) that each offspring has the same alleles for each of two traitsAnswer: DTopic: Concept 14.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension9) A sexually reproducing animal has two unlinked genes, one for head shape (H) and one for tail length (T). Its genotype is HhTt. Which of the following genotypes is possible in a gamete from this organism?A) ttB) HhC) HhTtD) TE) HTAnswer: ETopic: Concept 14.1Skill: Application/Analysis10) When crossing an organism that is homozygous recessive for a single trait with a heterozygote, whatis the chance of producing an offspring with the homozygous recessive phenotype?A) 0%B) 25%C) 50%D) 75%E) 100%Answer: CTopic: Concept 14.1Skill: Application/Analysis11) Mendel accounted for the observation that traits which had disappeared in the F1 generation reappeared in the F2 generation by proposing thatA) new mutations were frequently generated in the F2 progeny, "reinventing" traits that had been lost in the F1.B) the mechanism controlling the appearance of traits was different between the F1 and the F2 plants.C) traits can be dominant or recessive, and the recessive traits were obscured by the dominant ones in the F1.D) the traits were lost in the F1 due to dominance of the parental traits.E) members of the F1 generation had only one allele for each trait, but members of the F2 had two alleles for each trait.Answer: CTopic: Concept 14.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension4Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.12) The fact that all seven of the pea plant traits studied by Mendel obeyed the principle of independent assortment most probably indicates which of the following?A) None of the traits obeyed the law of segregation.B) The diploid number of chromosomes in the pea plants was 7.C) All of the genes controlling the traits were located on the same chromosome.D) All of the genes controlling the traits behaved as if they were on different chromosomes.E) The formation of gametes in plants occurs by mitosis only.Answer: DTopic: Concept 14.1Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation13) Mendel was able to draw his ideas of segregation and independent assortment because of the influence of which of the following?A)