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SC BIOL 101 - REEC7295_09_TB_chapter04

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Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.)Chapter 4 Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of LifeThis chapter focuses on the chemistry of carbon and organic compounds. Students should be able to identify the nature of the bonds between carbon and other elements (nonpolar versus polar), the differenttypes of weak bonds and interactions, the various types of isomers, the basic functional groups of organic molecules, and their relative solubility in water. The abiotic formation of organic molecules from inorganic molecules is important in the origin of life.Multiple-Choice Questions1) The element present in all organic molecules isA) hydrogen.B) oxygen.C) carbon.D) nitrogen.E) phosphorus.Answer: CTopic: Concept 4.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension2) The complexity and variety of organic molecules is due toA) the chemical versatility of carbon atoms.B) the variety of rare elements in organic molecules.C) the fact that they can be synthesized only in living organisms.D) their interaction with water.E) their tremendously large sizes.Answer: ATopic: Concept 4.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension3) The experimental approach taken in current biological investigations presumes thatA) simple organic compounds can be synthesized in the laboratory from inorganic precursors, but complex organic compounds like carbohydrates and proteins can only be synthesized by living organisms.B) a life force ultimately controls the activities of living organisms and this life force cannot be studied by physical or chemical methods.C) although a life force, or vitalism, exists in living organisms, this life force cannot be studied by physical or chemical methods.D) living organisms are composed of the same elements present in nonliving things, plus a few special trace elements found only in living organisms or their products.E) living organisms can be understood in terms of the same physical and chemical laws that can be used to explain all natural phenomena.Answer: ETopic: Concept 4.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension1Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.4) Differences among organisms are caused byA) large differences in elemental composition from organism to organism.B) differences in the types and relative amounts of organic molecules synthesized by each organism.C) differences in the elements that bond with carbon in each organism.D) differences in the sizes of the organic molecules in each organism.E) differences in inorganic compounds present in each organism.Answer: BTopic: Concept 4.1Skill: Application/Analysis5) Which of the following people was the first to synthesize an organic compound, urea, from inorganic starting materials?A) Stanley MillerB) Jakob BerzeliusC) Friedrich WohlerD) Hermann KolbeE) August KekuléAnswer: CTopic: Concept 4.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension6) Stanley Miller's 1953 experiments proved thatA) life arose on Earth from simple inorganic molecules.B) organic molecules can be synthesized abiotically under conditions that may have existed on early Earth.C) life arose on Earth from simple organic molecules, with energy from lightning and volcanoes.D) the conditions on early Earth were conducive to the origin of life.E) the conditions on early Earth were conducive to the abiotic synthesis of organic molecules.Answer: BTopic: Concept 4.1Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation7) Hermann Kolbe's synthesis of an organic compound, acetic acid, from inorganic substances that had been prepared directly from pure elements was a significant milestone for what reason?A) It solved an industrial shortage of acetic acid.B) It proved that organic compounds could be synthesized from inorganic compounds.C) It disproved the concept of vitalism.D) It showed that life originated from simple inorganic chemicals.E) It proved that organic compounds could be synthesized from inorganic compounds and disproved the concept of vitalism.Answer: ETopic: Concept 4.1Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation2Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.8) Stanley Miller's 1953 experiments assumed that early Earth's atmosphere containedA) hydrogen cyanide, formaldehyde, hydrogen gas, and water vapor.B) ammonia, methane, hydrogen gas, and water vapor.C) ammonia, methane, oxygen gas, and water vapor.D) amino acids, methane, hydrogen cyanide, and water vapor.E) methane, formaldehyde, ammonia, and carbon dioxide.Answer: BTopic: Concept 4.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension9) When Stanley Miller applied heat and electrical sparks to a mixture of simple inorganic compounds such as methane, hydrogen gas, ammonia, and water vapor, what compounds were produced?A) mostly amino acidsB) only simple organic compounds such as formaldehyde and cyanideC) mostly hydrocarbonsD) only simple inorganic compoundsE) both simple organic compounds and more complex organic compounds such as amino acids and hydrocarbonsAnswer: ETopic: Concept 4.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension10) How many electron pairs does carbon share in order to complete its valence shell?A) 1B) 2C) 3D) 4E) 8Answer: DTopic: Concept 4.2Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension11) A carbon atom is most likely to form what kind of bond(s) with other atoms?A) ionicB) hydrogenC) covalentD) covalent bonds and hydrogen bondsE) ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and hydrogen bondsAnswer: CTopic: Concept 4.2Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension3Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.12) Which of the following statements best describes the carbon atoms present in a seed-eating bird?A) They were incorporated into organic molecules by plants.B) They were processed into sugars through photosynthesis.C) They are ultimately derived from carbon dioxide.D) They were incorporated into organic molecules by plants, and they are ultimately derived from carbon dioxide.E) They were incorporated into organic molecules by plants, they were processed into sugars through photosynthesis, and they are ultimately derived from carbon dioxide.Answer: ETopic: Concept 4.2Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation13) Which of the following statements best describes the carbon atoms present in a seed-eating bird?A) Inorganic carbon atoms in the seeds were incorporated into organic molecules by the bird.B) The carbon atoms ultimately came from the soil.C) The carbon atoms are ultimately derived from coal.D) The carbon atoms ultimately came from carbon dioxide incorporated into sugars through photosynthesis.E) The carbon atoms ultimately came from simple organic compounds that formed abiotically from inorganic carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen


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SC BIOL 101 - REEC7295_09_TB_chapter04

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