Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.)Chapter 5 The Structure and Function of Large Biological MoleculesIn Chapter 5, the principles of chemistry covered in earlier chapters are applied to the understanding of biological polymers and lipid membranes. The emphasis is on properly linking monomers and their polymers, and on the structural and functional diversity of the different polymer types. Particular attention is given to protein structure, because this is central to understanding subsequent chapters on metabolism, molecular biology, and molecular medicine.Multiple-Choice Questions1) Humans and mice differ becauseA) their cells have different small organic molecules.B) their cells make different types of large biological molecules.C) their cells make different types of lipids.D) their cells have some differences in the sequence of nucleotides in their nucleic acids.E) their cells make different types of proteins.Answer: DTopic: Concept 5.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension2) Molecules with which functional groups may form polymers via dehydration reactions?A) hydroxyl groupsB) carbonyl groupsC) carboxyl groupsD) either carbonyl or carboxyl groupsE) either hydroxyl or carboxyl groupsAnswer: ETopic: Concepts 5.1, 4.3Skill: Application/Analysis3) Which of these molecules is not formed by dehydration reactions?A) fatty acidsB) disaccharidesC) DNAD) proteinE) amyloseAnswer: ATopic: Concept 5.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension1Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.4) In animal metabolism, most of the monomers released by digestion of food macromolecules are metabolized to provide energy. Only a small portion of these monomers are used for synthesis of new macromolecules. The net result is thatA) water is generated by animal metabolism.B) water is consumed by animal metabolism.C) the water consumed is exactly balanced by the water generated, to maintain homeostasis.D) water is consumed during homeostasis, but water is generated during periods of growth.E) water is generated during homeostasis, but water is consumed during periods of growth.Answer: BTopic: Concept 5.1Skill: Application/Analysis5) Which of these classes of biological molecules consist of both small molecules and macromolecular polymers?A) lipidsB) carbohydratesC) proteinsD) nucleic acidsE) lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids all consist of only macromolecular polymersAnswer: BTopic: Concept 5.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension6) Which of the following is not a polymer?A) glucoseB) starchC) celluloseD) chitinE) DNAAnswer: ATopic: Concept 5.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension7) What is the chemical reaction mechanism by which cells make polymers from monomers?A) phosphodiester linkagesB) hydrolysisC) dehydration reactionsD) ionic bonding of monomersE) the formation of disulfide bridges between monomersAnswer: CTopic: Concept 5.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension2Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.8) How many molecules of water are needed to completely hydrolyze a polymer that is 11 monomers long?A) 12B) 11C) 10D) 9E) 8Answer: CTopic: Concept 5.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension9) Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis?A) Dehydration reactions assemble polymers, and hydrolysis reactions break down polymers.B) Dehydration reactions eliminate water from lipid membranes, and hydrolysis makes lipid membraneswater permeable.C) Dehydration reactions can occur only after hydrolysis.D) Hydrolysis creates monomers, and dehydration reactions break down polymers.E) Dehydration reactions ionize water molecules and add hydroxyl groups to polymers; hydrolysis reactions release hydroxyl groups from polymers.Answer: ATopic: Concept 5.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension10) Which of the following polymers contain nitrogen?A) starchB) glycogenC) celluloseD) chitinE) amylopectinAnswer: DTopic: Concept 5.2Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension11) The molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6. What would be the molecular formula for a molecule made by linking three glucose molecules together by dehydration reactions?A) C18H36O18B) C18H32O16C) C6H10O5D) C18H10O15E) C3H6O3Answer: BTopic: Concept 5.2Skill: Application/Analysis3Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.12) The enzyme amylase can break glycosidic linkages between glucose monomers only if the monomers are the α form. Which of the following could amylase break down?A) glycogenB) celluloseC) chitinD) glycogen and chitin onlyE) glycogen, cellulose, and chitinAnswer: ATopic: Concept 5.2Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension13) On food packages, to what does the term insoluble fiber refer?A) celluloseB) polypeptidesC) starchD) amylopectinE) chitinAnswer: ATopic: Concept 5.2Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension14) A molecule with the chemical formula C6H12O6 is probably aA) carbohydrate.B) lipid.C) monosaccharideD) carbohydrate and lipid only.E) carbohydrate and monosaccharide only.Answer: ETopic: Concept 5.2Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension15) Lactose, a sugar in milk, is composed of one glucose molecule joined by a glycosidic linkage to one galactose molecule. How is lactose classified?A) as a pentoseB) as a hexoseC) as a monosaccharideD) as a disaccharideE) as a polysaccharideAnswer: DTopic: Concept 5.2Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension4Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.16) All of the following are polysaccharides exceptA) lactose.B) glycogen.C) chitin.D) cellulose.E) amylopectin.Answer: ATopic: Concept 5.2Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension17) Which of the following is true of both starch and cellulose?A) They are both polymers of glucose.B) They are cis-trans isomers of each other.C) They can both be digested by humans.D) They are both used for energy storage in plants.E) They are both structural components of the plant cell wall.Answer: ATopic: Concept 5.2Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension18) Which of the following is true of cellulose?A) It is a polymer composed of enantiomers of glucose.B) It is a storage polysaccharide for energy in plant cells.C) It is digestible by bacteria in the human gut.D) It is a major structural component of plant cell walls.E) It is a polymer composed of enantiomers of glucose, it is a storage polysaccharide for energy in plant cells, it is digestible by bacteria in the human gut, and it is a major structural component of plant cell walls.Answer: DTopic: Concept 5.2Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension19) Humans can digest starch but not cellulose becauseA) the monomer of starch