Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.)Chapter 13 Meiosis and Sexual Life CyclesNew questions are mostly at higher skill levels in this chapter. The new questions represent newer material both in the chapter and in the area of biological research. All questions with accompanying art work or questions grouped together as sets have been organized at the end of the chapter.Multiple-Choice Questions1) If a horticulturist breeding gardenias succeeds in having a single plant with a particularly desirable setof traits, which of the following would be her most probable and efficient route to establishing a line of such plants?A) Backtrack through her previous experiments to obtain another plant with the same traits.B) Breed this plant with another plant with much weaker traits.C) Clone the plant asexually to produce an identical one.D) Force the plant to self-pollinate to obtain an identical one.E) Add nitrogen to the soil of the offspring of this plant so the desired traits continue.Answer: CTopic: Concept 13.1Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation2) The human genome is minimally contained in which of the following?A) every human cellB) each human chromosomeC) the entire DNA of a single humanD) the entire human populationE) each human geneAnswer: ATopic: Concept 13.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension3) In the human species, all somatic cells have 46 chromosomes. Which of the following can also be true?A) A plant species (privet shrubs) has 46 chromosomes per cell.B) Some adult humans have 69 chromosomes per cell.C) Some adult humans have 23 chromosomes per cell.D) A certain fungal species has only one chromosome per cell.E) A certain bacterial species has 23 chromosomes.Answer: ATopic: Concept 13.1Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation1Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.4) Which of the following is a true statement about sexual vs. asexual reproduction?A) Asexual reproduction, but not sexual reproduction, is characteristic of plants and fungi.B) In sexual reproduction, individuals transmit 50% of their genes to each of their offspring.C) In asexual reproduction, offspring are produced by fertilization without meiosis.D) Sexual reproduction requires that parents be diploid.E) Asexual reproduction produces only haploid offspring.Answer: BTopic: Concept 13.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension5) Which of the following defines a genome?A) representation of a complete set of a cell's polypeptidesB) the complete set of an organism's polypeptidesC) the complete set of a species' polypeptidesD) a karyotypeE) the complete set of an organism's genesAnswer: ETopic: Concept 13.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension6) At which stage of mitosis are chromosomes usually photographed in the preparation of a karyotype?A) prophaseB) metaphaseC) anaphaseD) telophaseE) interphaseAnswer: BTopic: Concept 13.2Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension7) The human X and Y chromosomesA) are both present in every somatic cell of males and females alike.B) are of approximately equal size and number of genes.C) are almost entirely homologous, despite their different names.D) include genes that determine an individual's sex.E) include only genes that govern sex determination.Answer: DTopic: Concept 13.2Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension8) Which of the following is true of a species that has a chromosome number of 2n = 16?A) The species is diploid with 32 chromosomes per cell.B) The species has 16 sets of chromosomes per cell.C) Each cell has eight homologous pairs.D) During the S phase of the cell cycle there will be 32 separate chromosomes.E) A gamete from this species has four chromosomes.Answer: CTopic: Concept 13.2Skill: Application/Analysis2Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.9) Eukaryotic sexual life cycles show tremendous variation. Of the following elements, which do all sexual life cycles have in common?I. Alternation of generationsII. MeiosisIII. FertilizationIV. GametesV. SporesA) I, IV, and VB) I, II, and IVC) II, III, and IVD) II, IV, and VE) I, II, III, IV, and VAnswer: CTopic: Concept 13.2Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension10) Which of these statements is false?A) In humans, each of the 22 maternal autosomes has a homologous paternal chromosome.B) In humans, the 23rd pair, the sex chromosomes, determines whether the person is female (XX) or male (XY).C) Single, haploid (n) sets of chromosomes in ovum and sperm unite during fertilization, forming a diploid (2n), single-celled zygote.D) At sexual maturity, ovaries and testes produce diploid gametes by meiosis.E) Sexual life cycles differ with respect to the relative timing of meiosis and fertilization.Answer: DTopic: Concept 13.2Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension11) Referring to a plant's sexual life cycle, which of the following terms describes the process that leads directly to the formation of gametes?A) sporophyte meiosisB) gametophyte mitosisC) gametophyte meiosisD) sporophyte mitosisE) alternation of generationsAnswer: BTopic: Concept 13.2Skill: Application/Analysis3Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.12) Which of the following is an example of alternation of generations?A) A grandparent and grandchild each have dark hair, but the parent has blond hair.B) A diploid plant (sporophyte) produces, by meiosis, a spore that gives rise to a multicellular, haploid pollen grain (gametophyte).C) A diploid animal produces gametes by meiosis, and the gametes undergo fertilization to produce a diploid zygote.D) A haploid mushroom produces gametes by mitosis, and the gametes undergo fertilization, which is immediately followed by meiosis.E) A diploid cell divides by mitosis to produce two diploid daughter cells, which then fuse to produce a tetraploid cell.Answer: BTopic: Concept 13.2Skill: Application/Analysis13) The karyotype of one species of primate has 48 chromosomes. In a particular female, cell division goes awry and she produces one of her eggs with an extra chromosome (25). The most probable source of this error would be a mistake in which of the following?A) mitosis in her ovaryB) metaphase I of one meiotic eventC) telophase II of one meiotic eventD) telophase I of one meiotic eventE) either anaphase I or IIAnswer: ETopic: Concept 13.2Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation14) A given organism has 46 chromosomes in its karyotype. We can therefore conclude which of the following?A) It must be human.B) It must be a primate.C) It must be an animal.D) It must be sexually reproducing.E) Its gametes must have 23 chromosomes.Answer: ETopic: Concept 13.2Skill: