Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.)Chapter 12 The Cell CycleIn this chapter, 24 questions are new, and 12 have been altered to incorporate new material from the textbook. As in the other chapters, any questions that depend on figures or introductory scenarios have been placed at the end of the chapter rather than in concept sequence.Multiple-Choice Questions1) The centromere is a region in whichA) chromatids remain attached to one another until anaphase.B) metaphase chromosomes become aligned at the metaphase plate.C) chromosomes are grouped during telophase.D) the nucleus is located prior to mitosis.E) new spindle microtubules form at either end.Answer: ATopic: Concept 12.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension2) Starting with a fertilized egg (zygote), a series of five cell divisions would produce an early embryo with how many cells?A) 4B) 8C) 16D) 32E) 64Answer: DTopic: Concept 12.1Skill: Application/Analysis3) If there are 20 chromatids in a cell, how many centromeres are there?A) 10B) 20C) 30D) 40E) 80Answer: ATopic: Concept 12.1Skill: Application/Analysis1Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.4) For a newly evolving protist, what would be the advantage of using eukaryote-like cell division ratherthan binary fission?A) Binary fission would not allow for the formation of new organisms.B) Cell division would allow for the orderly and efficient segregation of multiple linear chromosomes.C) Cell division would be faster than binary fission.D) Cell division allows for lower rates of error per chromosome replication.E) Binary fission would not allow the organism to have complex cells.Answer: BTopic: Concept 12.1Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation5) Suppose a biologist can separate one of a dozen pieces of chromatin from a eukaryotic (animal) nucleus. It might consist of which of the following?A) one-twelfth of the genes of the organismB) two chromosomes, each with six chromatidsC) a single circular piece of DNAD) two long strands of DNA plus proteinsE) two chromatids attached together at a centromereAnswer: DTopic: Concept 12.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension6) At which phase are centrioles beginning to move apart in animal cells?A) telophaseB) anaphaseC) prometaphaseD) metaphaseE) prophaseAnswer: ETopic: Concept 12.2Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension7) If cells in the process of dividing are subjected to colchicine, a drug that interferes with the formation of the spindle apparatus, at which stage will mitosis be arrested?A) anaphaseB) prophaseC) telophaseD) metaphaseE) interphaseAnswer: DTopic: Concept 12.2Skill: Application/Analysis2Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.8) If there are 20 centromeres in a cell at anaphase, how many chromosomes are there in each daughter cell following cytokinesis?A) 10B) 20C) 30D) 40E) 80Answer: ATopic: Concept 12.2Skill: Application/Analysis9) Where do the microtubules of the spindle originate during mitosis in both plant and animal cells?A) centromereB) centrosomeC) centrioleD) chromatidE) kinetochoreAnswer: BTopic: Concept 12.2Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension10) Taxol is an anticancer drug extracted from the Pacific yew tree. In animal cells, Taxol disrupts microtubule formation by binding to microtubules and accelerating their assembly from the protein precursor, tubulin. Surprisingly, this stops mitosis. Specifically, Taxol must affectA) the formation of the mitotic spindle.B) anaphase.C) formation of the centrioles.D) chromatid assembly.E) the S phase of the cell cycle.Answer: ATopic: Concept 12.2Skill: Application/Analysis11) Which of the following are primarily responsible for cytokinesis in plant cells but not in animal cells?A) kinetochoresB) Golgi-derived vesiclesC) actin and myosinD) centrioles and centromeresE) cyclin-dependent kinasesAnswer: BTopic: Concept 12.2Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension3Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.12) In which group of eukaryotic organisms does the nuclear envelope remain intact during mitosis?A) seedless plantsB) dinoflagellatesC) diatomsD) dinoflagellates and diatoms onlyE) seedless plants, dinoflagellates, and diatomsAnswer: DTopic: Concept 12.2Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension13) Movement of the chromosomes during anaphase would be most affected by a drug thatA) reduces cyclin concentrations.B) increases cyclin concentrations.C) prevents elongation of microtubules.D) prevents shortening of microtubules.E) prevents attachment of the microtubules to the kinetochore.Answer: DTopic: Concept 12.2Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation14) Measurements of the amount of DNA per nucleus were taken on a large number of cells from a growing fungus. The measured DNA levels ranged from 3 to 6 picograms per nucleus. In which stage of the cell cycle did the nucleus contain 6 picograms of DNA?A) G0B) G1C) SD) G2E) MAnswer: DTopic: Concept 12.2Skill: Application/Analysis15) A group of cells is assayed for DNA content immediately following mitosis and is found to have an average of 8 picograms of DNA per nucleus. How many picograms would be found at the end of S and the end of G2?A) 8; 8B) 8; 16C) 16; 8D) 16; 16E) 12; 16Answer: DTopic: Concept 12.2Skill: Application/Analysis4Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.16) For anaphase to begin, which of the following must occur?A) Chromatids must lose their kinetochores.B) Cohesin must attach the sister chromatids to each other.C) Cohesin must be cleaved enzymatically.D) Kinetochores must attach to the metaphase plate.E) Spindle microtubules must begin to depolymerize.Answer: CTopic: Concept 12.2Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation17) Why do chromosomes coil during mitosis?A) to increase their potential energyB) to allow the chromosomes to move without becoming entangled and breakingC) to allow the chromosomes to fit within the nuclear envelopeD) to allow the sister chromatids to remain attachedE) to provide for the structure of the centromereAnswer: BTopic: Concept 12.2Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation18) Which of the following best describes how chromosomes move toward the poles of the spindle during mitosis?A) The chromosomes are "reeled in" by the contraction of spindle microtubules.B) Motor proteins of the kinetochores move the chromosomes along the spindle microtubules.C) Nonkinetochore spindle fibers serve to push chromosomes in the direction of the poles.D) The chromosomes are "reeled in" by the contraction of spindle microtubules, and motor proteins of the kinetochores move the chromosomes along the spindle microtubules.E) The chromosomes are