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SC BIOL 101 - REEC7295_09_TB_chapter02

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Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.)Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of LifeThis chapter presents basic chemical principles for understanding the chemical context of living organisms, from atomic structure to the nature of chemical bonds and an introduction to chemical equilibrium. These questions focus on elements most important to life or the study of life, including the elements that comprise organic molecules and important trace elements. Some isotopes are important in geologic dating and in biological tracer studies. How elements participate in forming different types of chemical bonds is essential to mastering subsequent topics on the behavior and properties of biological molecules, structures, and energy metabolism.Multiple-Choice Questions1) About 25 of the 92 natural elements are known to be essential to life. Which four of these 25 elementsmake up approximately 96% of living matter?A) carbon, sodium, hydrogen, nitrogenB) carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, hydrogenC) oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, nitrogenD) carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygenE) carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, calciumAnswer: DTopic: Concept 2.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension2) Trace elements are those required by an organism in only minute quantities. Which of the following isa trace element that is required by humans and other vertebrates, but not by other organisms such as bacteria or plants?A) nitrogenB) calciumC) iodineD) sodiumE) phosphorusAnswer: CTopic: Concept 2.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension3) Which of the following statements is false?A) Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen are the most abundant elements of living matter.B) Some trace elements are very abundant on Earth.C) Virtually all organisms require the same elements in the same quantities.D) Iron is an example of an element needed by all organisms.E) Other than some trace elements, animals are mostly made up of the same elements as plants, in similar proportions.Answer: CTopic: Concept 2.1Skill: Application/Analysis1Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.4) What factors are most important in determining which elements are most common in living matter?A) the relative abundances of the elements in Earth's crust and atmosphereB) the emergent properties of the simple compounds made from these elementsC) the reactivity of the elements with waterD) the chemical stability of the elementsE) both the relative abundances of the elements and the emergent properties of the compounds made from these elementsAnswer: ETopic: Concept 2.1Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation5) Why is each element unique and different from other elements in chemical properties?A) Each element has a unique atomic mass.B) Each element has a unique atomic weight.C) Each element has a unique number of protons in its nucleus.D) Each element has a unique number of neutrons in its nucleus.E) Each element has different radioactive properties.Answer: CTopic: Concept 2.2Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension6) Knowing just the atomic mass of an element allows inferences about which of the following?A) the chemical properties of the elementB) the number of protons in the elementC) the number of neutrons in the elementD) the number of protons plus neutrons in the elementE) both the number of protons and the chemical properties of the elementAnswer: DTopic: Concept 2.2Skill: Application/Analysis7) In what way are elements in the same column of the periodic table the same?A) They have the same number of protons.B) They have the same number of neutrons.C) They have the same number of electrons.D) They have the same number of electrons in their valence shell.E) They have the same number of electron shells.Answer: DTopic: Concept 2.2Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension2Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.8) Oxygen has an atomic number of 8 and a mass number of 16. Thus, what is the atomic mass of an oxygen atom?A) exactly 8 gramsB) exactly 8 daltonsC) approximately 16 gramsD) approximately 16 daltonsE) 24 amu (atomic mass units)Answer: DTopic: Concept 2.2Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension9) The nucleus of a nitrogen atom contains 7 neutrons and 7 protons. Which of the following is a correct statement concerning nitrogen?A) The nitrogen atom has a mass number of approximately 7 daltons and an atomic mass of 14.B) The nitrogen atom has a mass number of approximately 14 daltons and an atomic mass of 7.C) The nitrogen atom has a mass number of 14 and an atomic mass of 7 grams.D) The nitrogen atom has a mass number of 7 and an atomic number of 14.E) The nitrogen atom has a mass number of 14 and an atomic mass of approximately 14 daltons.Answer: ETopic: Concept 2.2Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension10) Molybdenum has an atomic number of 42. Several common isotopes exist, with mass numbers of 92, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, and 100. Therefore, which of the following can be true?A) Molybdenum atoms can have between 50 and 58 neutrons.B) The isotopes of molybdenum have different electron configurations.C) The isotopes of molybdenum can have between 50 and 58 protons.D) The isotopes of molybdenum have between 50 and 58 neutrons and have different electron configurations.E) The isotopes of molybdenum have between 50 and 58 protons and have different electron configurations.Answer: ATopic: Concept 2.2Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension11) Carbon-12 is the most common isotope of carbon, and has an atomic mass of 12 daltons. A mole of carbon in naturally occurring coal, however, weighs slightly more than 12 grams. Why?A) The atomic mass does not include the mass of electrons.B) Some carbon atoms in nature have an extra proton.C) Some carbon atoms in nature have more neutrons.D) Some carbon atoms in nature have a different valence electron distribution.E) Some carbon atoms in nature have undergone radioactive decay.Answer: CTopic: Concept 2.2Skill: Application/Analysis3Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.12) Which of the following best describes the relationship between the atoms described below?Atom 1 Atom 2H HA) They are isomers.B) They are polymers.C) They are isotopes.D) They contain 1 and 3 protons, respectively.E) They each contain 1 neutron.Answer: CTopic: Concept 2.2Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension13) The precise weight of a mole of some pure elements like silicon (Si) can vary slightly from the standard atomic mass, or even from sample to sample. Why?A) The element may undergo radioactive decay.B) The element may react with itself and gain or lose subatomic particles.C) The atoms of the element form chemical


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SC BIOL 101 - REEC7295_09_TB_chapter02

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