Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.)Chapter 1 Introduction: Themes in the Study of LifeThis introductory chapter explores the basic themes and concepts of biology, with emphasis on the core theme of evolution. It also introduces students to the thinking of scientists. Questions are therefore general; however, an effort has been made to include some from each skill level. As in the rest of this test bank, questions that feature art or those for which several questions follow upon some data or a scenario are placed together at the end of the chapter.Multiple-Choice Questions1) A localized group of organisms that belong to the same species is called aA) biosystem.B) community.C) population.D) ecosystem.E) family.Answer: CTopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension2) Organisms interact with their environments, exchanging matter and energy. For example, plant chloroplasts convert the energy of sunlight intoA) the energy of motion.B) carbon dioxide and water.C) the potential energy of chemical bonds.D) oxygen.E) kinetic energy.Answer: CTopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension3) The main source of energy for producers in an ecosystem isA) light energy.B) kinetic energy.C) thermal energy.D) chemical energy.E) ATP.Answer: ATopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension1Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.4) Which of the following types of cells utilize deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as their genetic material but do not have their DNA encased within a nuclear envelope?A) animalB) plantC) archaeaD) fungiE) protistsAnswer: CTopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Application/Analysis5) To understand the chemical basis of inheritance, we must understand the molecular structure of DNA.This is an example of the application of which concept to the study of biology?A) evolutionB) emergent propertiesC) reductionismD) the cell theoryE) feedback regulationAnswer: CTopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Application/Analysis6) Once labor begins in childbirth, contractions increase in intensity and frequency until delivery. The increasing labor contractions of childbirth are an example of which type of regulation?A) a bioinformatic systemB) positive feedbackC) negative feedbackD) feedback inhibitionE) enzymatic catalysisAnswer: BTopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Application/Analysis7) When the body's blood glucose level rises, the pancreas secretes insulin and, as a result, the blood glucose level declines. When the blood glucose level is low, the pancreas secretes glucagon and, as a result, the blood glucose level rises. Such regulation of the blood glucose level is the result ofA) catalytic feedback.B) positive feedback.C) negative feedback.D) bioinformatic regulation.E) protein-protein interactions.Answer: CTopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Application/Analysis2Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.8) Which branch of biology is concerned with the naming and classifying of organisms?A) informaticsB) schematic biologyC) taxonomyD) genomicsE) evolutionAnswer: CTopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension9) Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells generally have which of the following features in common?A) a membrane-bounded nucleusB) a cell wall made of celluloseC) ribosomesD) flagella or cilia that contain microtubulesE) linear chromosomes made of DNA and proteinAnswer: CTopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension10) Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the domains?A) Bacteria and EukaryaB) Archaea and MoneraC) Eukarya and MoneraD) Bacteria and ProtistaE) Bacteria and ArchaeaAnswer: ETopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension11) Global warming, as demonstrated by observations such as melting of glaciers, increasing CO2 levels, and increasing average ambient temperatures, has already had many effects on living organisms. Which of the following might best offer a solution to this problem?A) Continue to measure these and other parameters of the problem.B) Increase the abilities of animals to migrate to more suitable habitats.C) Do nothing; nature will attain its own balance.D) Limit the burning of fossil fuels and regulate our loss of forested areas.E) Recycle as much as possible.Answer: DTopic: Concept 1.1Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation3Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.12) A water sample from a hot thermal vent contained a single-celled organism that had a cell wall but lacked a nucleus. What is its most likely classification?A) EukaryaB) ArchaeaC) AnimaliaD) ProtistaE) FungiAnswer: BTopic: Concept 1.2Skill: Application/Analysis13) A filamentous organism has been isolated from decomposing organic matter. This organism has a cell wall but no chloroplasts. How would you classify this organism?A) domain Bacteria, kingdom ProkaryotaB) domain Archaea, kingdom BacteriaC) domain Eukarya, kingdom PlantaeD) domain Eukarya, kingdom ProtistaE) domain Eukarya, kingdom FungiAnswer: ETopic: Concept 1.2Skill: Application/Analysis14) Which of these provides evidence of the common ancestry of all life?A) ubiquitous use of catalysts by living systemsB) near universality of the genetic codeC) structure of the nucleusD) structure of ciliaE) structure of chloroplastsAnswer: BTopic: Concept 1.2Skill: Application/Analysis15) Which of the following is (are) true of natural selection?A) It requires genetic variation.B) It results in descent with modification.C) It involves differential reproductive success.D) It results in descent with modification and involves differential reproductive success.E) It requires genetic variation, results in descent with modification, and involves differential reproductive success.Answer: ETopic: Concept 1.2Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension4Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.16) Charles Darwin proposed a mechanism for descent with modification that stated that organisms of a particular species are adapted to their environment when they possessA) non-inheritable traits that enhance their survival in the local environment.B) non-inheritable traits that enhance their reproductive success in the local environment.C) non-inheritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environment.D) inheritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environment.E) inheritable traits that decrease their survival and reproductive success in the local environment.Answer: DTopic: Concept 1.2Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension17) Which of these individuals is likely to be most