Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.)Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration and FermentationThis is one of the most challenging chapters for students to master. Many students become overwhelmedand confused by the complexity of the pathways, with the multitude of intermediate compounds, enzymes, and processes. The vast majority of the questions in this chapter address central concepts rather than details of these pathways. Other questions have accompanying figures that provide details forreference and ask students to interpret or use these models. Overall, the emphases are on the inputs and outputs of each pathway, the relationships among these pathways, the cellular locations, redox as a central principle in respiration, and chemiosmosis.Multiple-Choice Questions1) What is the term for metabolic pathways that release stored energy by breaking down complex molecules?A) anabolic pathwaysB) catabolic pathwaysC) fermentation pathwaysD) thermodynamic pathwaysE) bioenergetic pathwaysAnswer: BTopic: Concept 9.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension2) The molecule that functions as the reducing agent (electron donor) in a redox or oxidation-reduction reactionA) gains electrons and gains potential energy.B) loses electrons and loses potential energy.C) gains electrons and loses potential energy.D) loses electrons and gains potential energy.E) neither gains nor loses electrons, but gains or loses potential energy.Answer: BTopic: Concept 9.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension3) When electrons move closer to a more electronegative atom, what happens?A) The more electronegative atom is reduced, and energy is released.B) The more electronegative atom is reduced, and energy is consumed.C) The more electronegative atom is oxidized, and energy is consumed.D) The more electronegative atom is oxidized, and energy is released.E) The more electronegative atom is reduced, and entropy decreases.Answer: ATopic: Concept 9.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension1Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.4) Why does the oxidation of organic compounds by molecular oxygen to produce CO2 and water release free energy?A) The covalent bonds in organic molecules and molecular oxygen have more kinetic energy than the covalent bonds in water and carbon dioxide.B) Electrons are being moved from atoms that have a lower affinity for electrons (such as C) to atoms with a higher affinity for electrons (such as O).C) The oxidation of organic compounds can be used to make ATP.D) The electrons have a higher potential energy when associated with water and CO2 than they do in organic compounds.E) The covalent bond in O2 is unstable and easily broken by electrons from organic molecules.Answer: BTopic: Concept 9.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension5) Which of the following statements describes the results of this reaction?C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + EnergyA) C6H12O6 is oxidized and O2 is reduced.B) O2 is oxidized and H2O is reduced.C) CO2 is reduced and O2 is oxidized.D) C6H12O6 is reduced and CO2 is oxidized.E) O2 is reduced and CO2 is oxidized.Answer: ATopic: Concept 9.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension6) When a glucose molecule loses a hydrogen atom as the result of an oxidation-reduction reaction, the molecule becomesA) hydrolyzed.B) hydrogenated.C) oxidized.D) reduced.E) an oxidizing agent.Answer: CTopic: Concept 9.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension7) When a molecule of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) gains a hydrogen atom (not a proton), the molecule becomesA) dehydrogenated.B) oxidized.C) reduced.D) redoxed.E) hydrolyzed.Answer: CTopic: Concept 9.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension2Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.8) Which of the following statements describes NAD+?A) NAD+ is reduced to NADH during glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle.B) NAD+ has more chemical energy than NADH.C) NAD+ is oxidized by the action of hydrogenases.D) NAD+ can donate electrons for use in oxidative phosphorylation.E) In the absence of NAD+, glycolysis can still function.Answer: ATopic: Concept 9.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension9) Where does glycolysis take place in eukaryotic cells?A) mitochondrial matrixB) mitochondrial outer membraneC) mitochondrial inner membraneD) mitochondrial intermembrane spaceE) cytosolAnswer: ETopic: Concept 9.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension10) The ATP made during glycolysis is generated byA) substrate-level phosphorylation.B) electron transport.C) photophosphorylation.D) chemiosmosis.E) oxidation of NADH to NAD+.Answer: ATopic: Concept 9.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension11) The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is involved directly in which process or event?A) glycolysisB) accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chainC) the citric acid cycleD) the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoAE) the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATPAnswer: BTopic: Concept 9.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension12) Which process in eukaryotic cells will proceed normally whether oxygen (O2) is present or absent?A) electron transportB) glycolysisC) the citric acid cycleD) oxidative phosphorylationE) chemiosmosisAnswer: BTopic: Concept 9.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension3Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.13) An electron loses potential energy when itA) shifts to a less electronegative atom.B) shifts to a more electronegative atom.C) increases its kinetic energy.D) increases its activity as an oxidizing agent.E) moves further away from the nucleus of the atom.Answer: BTopic: Concept 9.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension14) Why are carbohydrates and fats considered high energy foods?A) They have a lot of oxygen atoms.B) They have no nitrogen in their makeup.C) They can have very long carbon skeletons.D) They have a lot of electrons associated with hydrogen.E) They are easily reduced.Answer: DTopic: Concept 9.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension15) Substrate-level phosphorylation accounts for approximately what percentage of the ATP formed by the reactions of glycolysis?A) 0%B) 2%C) 10%D) 38%E) 100%Answer: ETopic: Concept 9.2Skill: Application/Analysis16) During glycolysis, when each molecule of glucose is catabolized to two molecules of pyruvate, mostof the potential energy contained in glucose isA) transferred to ADP, forming ATP.B) transferred directly to ATP.C) retained in the two pyruvates.D) stored in the NADH produced.E) used to phosphorylate fructose to form fructose 6-phosphate.Answer: CTopic: Concept 9.2Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension4Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education,