Biology Chapter 1 Characteristics of living things 1 Complex organized structure based on the element carbon 2 Reproduce and show gene based off DNA control heredity way you inherit 3 Show growth and development 4 Energy processing ex all from sun environment and convert 5 Irritability respond to changes in the environment 6 Regulation homeostasis physiological stability how body works ex temperature or blood sample 7 Evolutionary adaptation living things can change and adapt to changes in the environment Evolutionary adaptation hierarchy of biological organization o Biosphere all of the life on planet and all places where life exists includes biotic living and abiotic nonliving components o Ecosystem composed of all living and non living components of a particular place ex coral reef ecosystem size is up to a biologist o Community all the living components of an ecosystem composed of population all the members within a species o Organisms make up the levels within a population o Organ system ex digestive o Organs stomach small intestine o Tissues group of similar cells epithelial tissue o Cells composed of organelles mitochondria o Organelles composed of molecules o Molecules composed of atoms Cells Robert Hook 1700s chambers in a cork slice Cell Theory o All living things are composed of cells o All cells come from pre existing cells Spontaneous generation things just appear ex magets on dead body not supported by cell theory 2 types of cells 1 prokaryote before nucleus bacteria larger and more complicated no nucleus 2 eukaryote true nucleus fungi have a true nucleus contains chromosomes Biological Classification o Species population s of organisms whose members interbreed and are reproductively isolated from other such groups o Genus Genera a group of closely related species o Family group of closely related genera o Order group of closely related families o Class group of closely related orders o Phyllum group of closely related classes o Kingdom group of closely related phylum o Domain group of closely related kingdoms 3 Domain systems 1 Archeae extremophiles helophiles and thermophiles prokaryote 2 Bacteria ecoli strep prokaryote 3 Eukarya eukaryote filled with various groups of animals o Protista amoeba many kingdoms within a group unicellular eukaryote o Kingdoms 1 Fungi multicellular absorptive take things in from surface 2 Animals animilia multicellular and ingestive 3 Plantae multicellular and photosynthetic organisms Unity fundamental similarities and Diversity of Life Ex cilia or cillium found in humans plants funji Darwin 1858 wrote orgin of species evolution o Arose from a succession of life forms o Natural selection differential reproduction Scientific Inquiry o Discovery science involves observing environment around you and discovering o Hypothesis based science scientific method based on hypothesis guess to explain some observation has to be verifiable testable falsifiable Ex Einstein and relativity wasn t testable at the time due to lack of technology Hypothesis vs Theory o Hypothesis guess as to what causes some phenomenon o Theory very powerful hypothesis undergone multiple tests can explain many different aspects much more significant Ex evolutionary theory basis of biology
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