Campbell s Biology 9e Reece et al Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation This is one of the most challenging chapters for students to master Many students become overwhelmed and confused by the complexity of the pathways with the multitude of intermediate compounds enzymes and processes The vast majority of the questions in this chapter address central concepts rather than details of these pathways Other questions have accompanying figures that provide details for reference and ask students to interpret or use these models Overall the emphases are on the inputs and outputs of each pathway the relationships among these pathways the cellular locations redox as a central principle in respiration and chemiosmosis Multiple Choice Questions 1 What is the term for metabolic pathways that release stored energy by breaking down complex molecules A anabolic pathways B catabolic pathways C fermentation pathways D thermodynamic pathways E bioenergetic pathways Answer B Topic Concept 9 1 Skill Knowledge Comprehension 2 The molecule that functions as the reducing agent electron donor in a redox or oxidation reduction reaction A gains electrons and gains potential energy B loses electrons and loses potential energy C gains electrons and loses potential energy D loses electrons and gains potential energy E neither gains nor loses electrons but gains or loses potential energy Answer B Topic Concept 9 1 Skill Knowledge Comprehension 3 When electrons move closer to a more electronegative atom what happens A The more electronegative atom is reduced and energy is released B The more electronegative atom is reduced and energy is consumed C The more electronegative atom is oxidized and energy is consumed D The more electronegative atom is oxidized and energy is released E The more electronegative atom is reduced and entropy decreases Answer A Topic Concept 9 1 Skill Knowledge Comprehension 1 Copyright 2011 Pearson Education Inc 4 Why does the oxidation of organic compounds by molecular oxygen to produce CO2 and water release free energy A The covalent bonds in organic molecules and molecular oxygen have more kinetic energy than the covalent bonds in water and carbon dioxide B Electrons are being moved from atoms that have a lower affinity for electrons such as C to atoms with a higher affinity for electrons such as O C The oxidation of organic compounds can be used to make ATP D The electrons have a higher potential energy when associated with water and CO2 than they do in organic compounds E The covalent bond in O2 is unstable and easily broken by electrons from organic molecules Answer B Topic Concept 9 1 Skill Knowledge Comprehension 5 Which of the following statements describes the results of this reaction C6H12O6 6 O2 6 CO2 6 H2O Energy A C6H12O6 is oxidized and O2 is reduced B O2 is oxidized and H2O is reduced C CO2 is reduced and O2 is oxidized D C6H12O6 is reduced and CO2 is oxidized E O2 is reduced and CO2 is oxidized Answer A Topic Concept 9 1 Skill Knowledge Comprehension 6 When a glucose molecule loses a hydrogen atom as the result of an oxidation reduction reaction the molecule becomes A hydrolyzed B hydrogenated C oxidized D reduced E an oxidizing agent Answer C Topic Concept 9 1 Skill Knowledge Comprehension 7 When a molecule of NAD nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide gains a hydrogen atom not a proton the molecule becomes A dehydrogenated B oxidized C reduced D redoxed E hydrolyzed Answer C Topic Concept 9 1 Skill Knowledge Comprehension 2 Copyright 2011 Pearson Education Inc 8 Which of the following statements describes NAD A NAD is reduced to NADH during glycolysis pyruvate oxidation and the citric acid cycle B NAD has more chemical energy than NADH C NAD is oxidized by the action of hydrogenases D NAD can donate electrons for use in oxidative phosphorylation E In the absence of NAD glycolysis can still function Answer A Topic Concept 9 1 Skill Knowledge Comprehension 9 Where does glycolysis take place in eukaryotic cells A mitochondrial matrix B mitochondrial outer membrane C mitochondrial inner membrane D mitochondrial intermembrane space E cytosol Answer E Topic Concept 9 1 Skill Knowledge Comprehension 10 The ATP made during glycolysis is generated by A substrate level phosphorylation B electron transport C photophosphorylation D chemiosmosis E oxidation of NADH to NAD Answer A Topic Concept 9 1 Skill Knowledge Comprehension 11 The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is involved directly in which process or event A glycolysis B accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain C the citric acid cycle D the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA E the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP Answer B Topic Concept 9 1 Skill Knowledge Comprehension 12 Which process in eukaryotic cells will proceed normally whether oxygen O2 is present or absent A electron transport B glycolysis C the citric acid cycle D oxidative phosphorylation E chemiosmosis Answer B Topic Concept 9 1 Skill Knowledge Comprehension 3 Copyright 2011 Pearson Education Inc 13 An electron loses potential energy when it A shifts to a less electronegative atom B shifts to a more electronegative atom C increases its kinetic energy D increases its activity as an oxidizing agent E moves further away from the nucleus of the atom Answer B Topic Concept 9 1 Skill Knowledge Comprehension 14 Why are carbohydrates and fats considered high energy foods A They have a lot of oxygen atoms B They have no nitrogen in their makeup C They can have very long carbon skeletons D They have a lot of electrons associated with hydrogen E They are easily reduced Answer D Topic Concept 9 1 Skill Knowledge Comprehension 15 Substrate level phosphorylation accounts for approximately what percentage of the ATP formed by the reactions of glycolysis A 0 B 2 C 10 D 38 E 100 Answer E Topic Concept 9 2 Skill Application Analysis 16 During glycolysis when each molecule of glucose is catabolized to two molecules of pyruvate most of the potential energy contained in glucose is A transferred to ADP forming ATP B transferred directly to ATP C retained in the two pyruvates D stored in the NADH produced E used to phosphorylate fructose to form fructose 6 phosphate Answer C Topic Concept 9 2 Skill Knowledge Comprehension 4 Copyright 2011 Pearson Education Inc 17 In addition to ATP what are the end products of glycolysis A CO2 and H2O B CO2 and pyruvate C NADH and pyruvate D CO2 and NADH E H2O FADH2 and citrate Answer C Topic Concept 9 2 Skill