Hist 109 1st Edition Lecture 18Current LectureMexico in the 19th Century: Fostering conditions for the Mexican Rev. of the 20th centuryMain Point of Today’s Lecture:- Mexico’s oscillation between extreme political instability and stability in the 19th century laid the foundations for Revolution in the 20th century. Mexico has 2 wars in US: Texas war then Mexican-American war which both go bad for Mexico. They lose 1/3 of their land.- In late 1850s into 60s, Mexico has a civil war. During this, the country is divided over the implementation of a new constitution. Ends up with a military dictatorship (stability but not necessarily good). Wars of the North American Invasions, 1836-1848- The Texas Rebellion 1836- The Mexican-American War, 1846-48War of Reform, 1858-61- 1857 Constitution- Civil War in Mexico- division between liberals and conservatives. If Constitution passes, it will be in favor of liberals.- Liberals vs. Conservativeso Church- liberals want to move toward secular control. Think purpose of state should not value one religion or anothero Politics- Conservatives believed there should be limited ability to vote and engage in politics. Conservatives think property owning, literate people should vote. Liberals believe all males should have right to vote.o Education- Education had been in hands of the church. Liberals think not church controlled.- Conservatives losing the war send people to Europe to get help (get French)French Occupation, 1862-1866- Constitutional monarchy- Hapsburg was first family - Hapsburg Archduke Maximilian of Austria- takes position to be king in Mexico. These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Cinco de Mayo: Battle of Puebla (5/5/1862)- important holiday because it symbolizes ongoing attempts by foreign powers to occupy Mexico. - People see this as a crazy move by conservatives if they have gone outside the country to gain help by people who don’t even speak SpanishThe Porfiriato, 1876-1910- Porfirio Diaz- wins by legitimate election- Order and Progress- says there’s been too much instability and once it becomes stable, Mexico can progress. Porfiriato Political Changes- Cientificos- his advisors that use scientific rhetoric. Study past politics and economics. - Rejection of Indian Past- All political problems of the past are blamed on indigenous population. See that Europe is civilized country and they don’t have same problems.- Pax Porfiriana: Rurales- Rules based on his military background. Brings stability to Mexico.- “Remove” the opposition- has his own army to squash opposition- didn’t want any leaders in areas to develop roots so leaders were cycled around- 1897 assassination attempt- Diaz overreacts and worries this will catch on and someone else will try it. Assassin in jail awaiting trial but Diaz doesn’t want him to go on trial. Has a mob dressed like indigenous population go to jail and take the assassin and lynch him. Porfiriato Economic Changes:- Foreign Investment- Pours into Mexico. Foreign capital comes to invest in new, stable, Mexico. Mexico pays off all its debts by peasants by raising taxes on them. - Modernization- emerges as modern country under Diaz- Railroads- Mining- Oil- Expansion of Landless peasantry and