HIST 109 1st Edition Lecture 20Porfiriato Economic Changes- Foreign Investment- wants to attract foreign investment. Pays off national debt so as to attract foreign investors. High taxes imposed, especially on peasants who owned property- Modernization- moving towards an industrial economy. Machine power begins to replace animalpower. Mexico emerges as modern economic country in certain industries.- Railroads- spread throughout the country, connecting the country in efficient way. Public transportation becomes widespread in cities along with electricity.o Began with 400 miles of railroads. Expanded to 15,000 miles of railroads. o Economic and political network.o Peasant land being taken over by railroads. Peasant protest happened.- Mining- increases dramatically to over 30 million pesos annually. o Peasants being paid to work in mines- Oil- use of fossil fuels to drive industrialization- Expansion of landless peasantry and debt-peonageo Peasants no longer working the land but looking for employmento Get paid in credit at company store and become in debt because they buy more than they could ever make back from working. Dependent on employersSummary of Lecture: Poverty vs. Progress: Consequences of the Porfiriato- Economic growth without economic development- Growth of middle class, but denied political participation- a society economically advancing but difference between upper and lower class further widens.THE MEXICAN REVOLUTIONPart One, The Removal of DiazKey questions for lecture:- Was it a weak govt or strong insurgency that resulted in the overthrow of Diaz?- What unified the opposition against Diaz?- Did the problems caused by the Porfiriato require a political or social revolution?These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Diaz Regime Weakness in the 1900s- Decline in the coercive power of the state- govt isn’t as strong as it used to be. People who helpedhim get into power are older and had military ties. He didn’t pay attention to political successors. - From individual to collective opposition- Many people becoming affected by railroads and social divisions are created, therefore making more people against the govt.The Opposition in the 1900s- Liberal Mexican Party- locally protest against Diaz o Plan of 1906- Reforms wanted, not a revolution. Providing order for progress.- Economic Recession, 1907-08- worldwide recession hits. Miners paid at company store now lost wages as price of ore they extracted was not worth as much. Therefore had to work more hours- Agrarian Trends of the Porfiriatoo Agrarian reform- the restoration of community lands or compensation for community lands. o Want an 8 hour work day and 6 day work week.o Want payment in legal tender not script which is credit at company store.o Ask for right to strike o Want ban on child laborLabor Opposition in the 1900s- Diaz doesn’t deal with these strikes effectively- 1906 Cananea Strikeo Mine owned by an American. Was largest copper mine in the worldo Workers see profits company is making and issues set of greivances Want equal pay with Americans Want opportunity to hold technical and managerial positions that are only being held by Americans Want better wages Want right to work in mine on Sundayso 2000 workers take over the mine demanding changes and on strike. American manager uses Arizona rangers to cross the border to invade Mexican territory to put down strike. Diaz says he cannot do this but allows rangers to be “sworn in” to Mexican army. March on the mine and put down strike. o Leaders of strike and rounded up and lynched. Press portrayed this as out of control.- 1907 Rio Blanco